Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item Analiza reglementărilor RFG în materia transportului rutier național și internațional de mărfuri [Articol](CEP USM, 2025) Bajurea-Ostrofeț, ElenaPrezentul articol are drept scop elaborarea unei sinteze analitice referitoare la legislația Republicii Federale Germania în materie de transportul rutier național și internațional de mărfuri. Statul federal continuă cu succes să aibă statut de lider la capitolul transportării pe cale rutieră a mărfurilor pe teritoriul Uniunii Europene, precum și în raport cu statele terțe. Legislația în domeniu a Republicii Federale Germania este dinamică și diversă și, din aceste considerente, prezintă interes pentru efectuarea unei analize detaliate asupra structurii și conținutului său. Studiul efectuat urmează să demonstreze actualitatea și eficacitatea legislației Republicii Federale Germania în domeniul transportului rutier de mărfuri, precum și ierarhizarea perfectă a actelor normative în legislația statului federal.Item Aspectele aferente argumentării juridice prin prisma analizei practicii judiciare în cazul încasării din contul executorului judecătoresc a cheltuielilor de asistență juridică [Articol](CEP USM, 2025) Baciu, OlgaÎn cadrul oricărui sistem juridic, accesul la justiție și la asistență juridică reprezintă piloni fundamentali ai drepturilor individuale și ai statului de drept. În Republica Moldova, dreptul la încasarea cheltuielilor de asistență juridică în cadrul procesului civil este reglementat în special de Codul de Procedură Civilă și reprezintă o garanție esențială pentru cei care necesită sprijin în fața instanțelor de judecată sau în alte aspecte legale, inclusiv cele ce țin de contestarea actelor executorilor judecătorești. Însă, aplicarea neuniformă a prevederilor legale ce țin ce încasarea cheltuielilor de asistență juridica în cadrul contestării actelor executorului judecătoresc reprezintă un aspect problematic pentru aceștia, luând în considerație statutul procesul al executorilor judecătorești.Item Conceptul securităţii dinamice în sistem penitenciar ca garanţia realizării art. 24 alin. (2) din Constituţie [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Cheptene, VeronicaUniversal and regional standards regulate the adoption of the concept of dynamic security based on the creation of professional relationships between prison staff and prisoners, knowledge of vulnerable aspects for each prisoner, relationships between detainees to prevent conflicts, the use of violence between cellmates, self-harm and suicide attempts of prisoners. It is recommended to introduce methods to prevent disciplinary violations, resolve conflicts through mediation or other alternative methods. The implementation of these recommendations minimizes the number of cases of the use of physical force against persons deprived of liberty. In this study, we analyze the concept of dynamic security, which represents o guarantee of the realization of the art. 24 parag. (2) of the Constitution, that expressly prohibits the application of torture, unhuman and degrading treatment and punishment.Item Independenţa justiţiei – aspiraţie invariabilă a constituţionalismului european [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Popovici, CristinaEuropean constitutionalism aims to energize European societies by serving as a means of regulating social and political relations of paramount importance, leading to the continuous development of the principles of the rule of law and the establishment of a system of checks and balances. In this context, justice represents one of the fundamental ways of ensuring and safeguarding respect for citizens’ rights and freedoms without any discrimination. It is carried out solely in the name of the law and exclusively by judicial authorities. Any judicial activity must be grounded in the fundamental principles of the organization and functioning of justice, designed to ensure the unity and efficiency of the act of justice. The goal is the realization of legitimate human rights and freedoms.Item Transparenţa în procesul decizional al Parlamentului – o garanţie a încrederii reciproce dintre stat şi cetăţean [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Rusu, ViorelGlobal experience demonstrates that a sustainable civil society is a fundamental prerequisite for building the rule of law, enabling the full expression of civil society institutions. These institutions provide citizens with a tangible opportunity to engage in the legislative process. Consequently, the modern constitutional state aligns with a contemporary civil society characterized by traits such as a developed system of independent and active civic associations (a pluralistic society), effective influence over authority, a high degree of civic consolidation, civic awareness, and various other features that have evolved during the maturation of a qualitatively new societal paradigm.Item Parlamentarismul – fundament conceptual al constituţionalismului european [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Cuciurca, DoinaParliamentarism represents one of the most significant institutional innovations in Europe’s political history, playing a fundamental role in the development of European constitutionalism. This form of political organization combines the principle of representativeness with the separation of powers, providing a framework for democratic governance and the protection of citizens’ rights. European constitutionalism, rooted in the supremacy of the constitution and the protection of fundamental rights, has been deeply influenced by the evolution of parliamentary institutions. The aim of this article is to explore how parliamentarism has contributed to the consolidation of European constitutionalism by examining its origins, fundamental principles, and contemporary challenges. We will analyse the relationship between these two concepts, highlighting the essential role of parliamentary institutions in advancing the rule of law and creating a political framework based on accountability and transparency.Item Serviciile publice exercitate de autorităţile publice şi instituţiile publice. Unele trăsături comune şi deoisebiri [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Rusu, ViorelPublic authorities and public institutions represent important categories of public services in a broad sense. As for public institutions, their general status is currently regulated by civil legislation or private law. But recent legislative trends are directed towards establishing a separate law on public institutions. We consider important that, in the process of creating the new normative framework regarding public institutions, attention should be drawn to a series of fundamental aspects, because without taking them into consideration there is a risk of deviating from the purpose or aim of public institutions as an important category of public services. In theoretical-practical aspect we have three main categories of public services, which are created to ensure the public interest and fulfil the main functions of the state according to the constitutional provisions: i) public authorities (or state bodies), ii) public institutions, and iii) state or municipal enterprises. As for public institutions, they can be central and local, the latter being founded by local public administration authorities under the conditions of administrative decentralization and local autonomy. Although, even at the central level we have public institutions that enjoy autonomy, such as university institutions. Many public authorities, especially public administration authorities, combine the main activities, in the regime of public power, with activities of a provider nature – as a common feature for all categories of public services, respectively it is very easy to deviate and consider that it is about the activity of a public institution and vice versa. Therefore, it seems to be natural the activity of some public authorities that pursue mixed tasks: both authoritative and provider, including preserving the respective form of organization. In the same way, it would be necessary to consider the fact that part of the activities carried out by public institutions are concessioned to institutions and other private entities, that is, the element of public interest persists within their activity, implying similar public law regulations. Therefore, all the mentioned aspects would be useful to be taken into consideration in the framework of the new regulations regarding the legal status of public institutions, including in order not to admit excesses and turbulence in the activity of other categories of public services or public entities such as public administration authorities and state or municipal enterprises.Item Классификация форм автономий в конституционном праве: анализ подходов и критериев [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Костромицкий, АнатолийThis article analyzes approaches to the classification of autonomies in constitutional law. Various criteria are considered, including the scope of powers, forms of normative status and the degree of financial independence. The main attention is paid to the division into political and administrative autonomies. Political autonomies have legislative powers and elements of statehood, while administrative autonomies have limited rights in the sphere of local self-government. It is noted that a clear distinction between these types is often difficult due to the presence of transitional forms. The author proposes a more flexible classification system based on the degree of independence in the legislative, executive, financial and judicial spheres. This approach allows to consider the diversity of forms of autonomies and avoid ambiguity in determining their status. The article emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive analysis of various aspects of autonomy to understand its role in the modern state structure.Item Necesitatea şi limitele reglementării constituţionale a administraţiei publice [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Țurcan, LilianaThe Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, as well as the constitutions of other democratic states, includes a number of provisions applicable to public administration. In this study are presented the constitutional provisions on administrative authorities and their activity, as well as the arguments justifying the need and importance of constitutional regulation of public administration. The constitutional text cannot include detailed provisions on public administration because it is an area that is constantly changing. Thus, in the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova we find only fundamental rules, basic ideas and principles, but the details related to the organization and func- tioning of administrative authorities are set out in laws and acts subordinated to laws.Item Accesul la informaţia de mediu – un drept fundamental al omului [Articol](Editura USM, 2025) Sîli, IraEnvironmental information should be comprehensively defined as any written, visual, audio or electronic information, or which takes any other material form, relating to the state of environmental elements, factors influencing the environment, environmental measures and activities, economic study and costs – benefit applied to natural resources, the impact on human health as well as on the cultural heritage of a society. In the Republic of Moldova, access to environmental information is a fundamental human right, enshrined in art. 37 of the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, as well as by the new Law no. 148/2023 regarding access to information of public interest. Also, the Republic of Moldova ratified the Convention on Access to Information, Justice and Public Participation in Environmental Decision- Making, signed in Aarhus, Denmark, on June 25, 1998, this essentially guarantees the right of every person to free access and the dissemination of information truthful regarding the state of the natural environment. In the context of the development of a sustainable economy, the influence of climate change as well as the interest present in society for the correspondence of legislation to EU standards, access to environmental information has become valued not only as a right, but also as a civic responsibility of each of us, environmental conditions directly influence both our health and the quality of our lives both now and in the future.