Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law

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Start date: 2021Subject: search.filters.subject.public authority

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    Serviciile publice exercitate de autorităţile publice şi instituţiile publice. Unele trăsături comune şi deoisebiri [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Rusu, Viorel
    Public authorities and public institutions represent important categories of public services in a broad sense. As for public institutions, their general status is currently regulated by civil legislation or private law. But recent legislative trends are directed towards establishing a separate law on public institutions. We consider important that, in the process of creating the new normative framework regarding public institutions, attention should be drawn to a series of fundamental aspects, because without taking them into consideration there is a risk of deviating from the purpose or aim of public institutions as an important category of public services. In theoretical-practical aspect we have three main categories of public services, which are created to ensure the public interest and fulfil the main functions of the state according to the constitutional provisions: i) public authorities (or state bodies), ii) public institutions, and iii) state or municipal enterprises. As for public institutions, they can be central and local, the latter being founded by local public administration authorities under the conditions of administrative decentralization and local autonomy. Although, even at the central level we have public institutions that enjoy autonomy, such as university institutions. Many public authorities, especially public administration authorities, combine the main activities, in the regime of public power, with activities of a provider nature – as a common feature for all categories of public services, respectively it is very easy to deviate and consider that it is about the activity of a public institution and vice versa. Therefore, it seems to be natural the activity of some public authorities that pursue mixed tasks: both authoritative and provider, including preserving the respective form of organization. In the same way, it would be necessary to consider the fact that part of the activities carried out by public institutions are concessioned to institutions and other private entities, that is, the element of public interest persists within their activity, implying similar public law regulations. Therefore, all the mentioned aspects would be useful to be taken into consideration in the framework of the new regulations regarding the legal status of public institutions, including in order not to admit excesses and turbulence in the activity of other categories of public services or public entities such as public administration authorities and state or municipal enterprises.
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    Teoria drepturilor persoanei vătămate de autoritățile publice [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2024) Costachi, Gheorghe; Cernean, Iurie
    This article is devoted to the issue of the rights of persons injured by public authorities. The aim pursued by the authors lies in the analysis of the constitutional and legal regulation of the right of the person injured by a public authority in order to specify the content of this right and the way of exercising it as a way of developing the theory of the rights of the person injured by public authorities.
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    Corupția ca factor determinant al încălcării drepturilor omului
    (CEP USM, 2023) Botnaru, Stela; Pozneacova, Veronica
    Corupția reprezintă un fenomen negativ prezent în mai multe sfere ale vieții sociale a Republicii Moldova. În conformitate cu datele statistice prezentate de către CNA, printre cele mai afectate domenii se numără în special sistemul judecătoresc și organele de drept, instituțiile publice centrale și locale, precum și sfera educației și sănătății publice. Prezența sistematică a actelor de corupție afectează direct respectarea drepturilor fundamentale ale omului, precum accesul liber la justiție, dreptul la sănătate și dreptul la educație. În cadrul studiului dat ne propunem să analizăm statutul subiecților care comit acte de corupție, instituțiile în care este prezent acest fenomen, percepția cetățenilor cu privire la impactul actelor de corupție asupra respectării drepturilor omului. Scopul cercetării se rezumă la stabilirea impactului actului de corupție asupra gradului de respectare a drepturilor omului în Republica Moldova prin analiza datelor statistice prezentate de către CNA, Oficiul Avocatului Poporului și ONG.
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    Activitatea administrativă realizată de autoritățile publice din Republica Moldova
    (Chișinău, 2021-12-03) Nichita, Rodica
    Administrative acts constitute the main legal form of carrying out the administrative activity of public authorities and represent the unilateral legal manifestation of will, with normative or individual character on the part of the public authority, in view of organizing the execution or concrete execution of the law.
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    Corelația interesului privat cu instituția licențierii activității de întreprinzător [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2022) Pascaru, Nicolae
    Prezentul articol are drept scop analiza complexă a conceptului de interes privat și identificarea acestuia atât în reglementările cadrului legal național, dar și din alte state, cât și tratările doctrinare ale acestui concept în literatura juridică de specialitate. Conceptul de interes privat este în strânsă legătură cu conceptul de interes public și cu licențierea activității de întreprinzător, or, interesul public nu reprezintă altceva decât o mulțime de interese private, iar licențierea anumitor activități are rolul de a proteja interesul public. Reglementările juridice în care identificăm conceptul de interes privat, au menirea de a proteja persoana fizică, juridică, întreprinzătorul și orice subiect al raporturilor juridice, de intervenția excesivă, uneori abuzivă din partea statului în activitatea licențiată de întreprinzătorilor. Astfel, interesul privat este drept un garant al neingerinței neîntemeiate în activitatea subiecților privați de a practica o anumită activitate licențiată. Totodată, combinarea intereselor private și publice reprezintă o nouă paradigmă a reglementării de stat a economiei la general, inclusiv a activități de întreprinzător prin licență în mod special.
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    Corelația interesului privat cu instituția licențierii activității de întreprinzător [Articol]
    (Academia de Administrare Publică, 2022) Pascaru, Nicolae
    This article aims at a complex analysis of the concept of private interest and its identi cation both in the regulations of the national legal framework and of other countries, as well as the doctrinal treatment of this concept in the legal literature. The concept of private interest is closely related to the concept of public interest and the licensing of entrepreneurial activity, where the public interest is nothing more than a collection of private interests and the licensing of certain activities is designed to protect the public interest. The legal regulations in which we identify the concept of private interest, are intended to protect the individual, the legal entity, the entrepreneur and any subject of legal relations, from excessive, sometimes abusive intervention by the state in the licensed activity of entrepreneurs. Thus, the private interest is as a guarantor of non-interference in the activity of private subjects to practice a certain licensed activity. At the same time, the combination of private and public interests represents a new paradigm of state regulation of the economy in general, including licensing entrepreneurial activities in particular.
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    Licenţa în activitatea de întreprinzător – instrument indispensabil în circuitul civil [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2021) Pascaru, Nicolae
    The license in the activity of entrepreneur also represents a guarantee that in the practice of his activity the entrepreneur meets all the necessary conditions for the practice of a certain type of activity and strictly observes all the legal norms. Licensing / authorization of certain types of activity is also a method by which the state through its competent bodies monitors, but also establishes control over certain relevant areas of the economy. The importance of knowing the notion of license and understanding it correctly, leads to a clear identification of the constituent elements of the license, but also to avoid misinterpretations of this institution, including in the procedure of solving cases pending before the court related to suspension / withdrawal of licenses as an entrepreneur.