Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item Analiza reglementărilor RFG în materia transportului rutier național și internațional de mărfuri [Articol](CEP USM, 2025) Bajurea-Ostrofeț, ElenaPrezentul articol are drept scop elaborarea unei sinteze analitice referitoare la legislația Republicii Federale Germania în materie de transportul rutier național și internațional de mărfuri. Statul federal continuă cu succes să aibă statut de lider la capitolul transportării pe cale rutieră a mărfurilor pe teritoriul Uniunii Europene, precum și în raport cu statele terțe. Legislația în domeniu a Republicii Federale Germania este dinamică și diversă și, din aceste considerente, prezintă interes pentru efectuarea unei analize detaliate asupra structurii și conținutului său. Studiul efectuat urmează să demonstreze actualitatea și eficacitatea legislației Republicii Federale Germania în domeniul transportului rutier de mărfuri, precum și ierarhizarea perfectă a actelor normative în legislația statului federal.Item Agenția achiziții publice și rolul acesteia în cadrul procedurilor de achiziție publică în Republica Moldova(CEP USM, 2024) Cârnaț, Teodor; Postolachi, OxanaConstituția Republicii Moldova [1], în special articolele 4, 15, 16 și 23, stabilește principiile- cheie care servesc drept ghid pentru Ministerul Finanțelor în elaborarea și aplicarea legilor referitoare la achizițiile publice. Aceste orientări subliniază cât de crucial este să se garanteze că achizițiile publice au un cadru legal clar, eficient și funcțional, printre altele prin coordonarea acestuia cu standardele internaționale, directivele Uniunii Europene privind achizițiile publice și legile naționale. Formularea și promovarea politicii de stat în acest domeniu este o responsabilitate fundamentală a Ministerului Finanțelor. În acest caz, politica publică a statului urmează să fie implementată de Agenția Achiziții Publice, care este subordonată Ministerului de Finanțe. Obiectivele principale ale procedurii sunt de a garanta respectarea protocoalelor de asigurare și analizarea sistemului de servicii publice.Item Aspecte de drept comparat privind persoanele dispărute şi familiile acestora(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Cojocaru, VioletaAnalysis of the iCRC database demonstrates that when the state adopts laws relating to missing and enforced disappearances, they do not always differentiate between the two legal frameworks, exemplifying the convergence of obligations derived from IHL and international human rights law. The laws under review do not address “missing persons” as all those who have disappeared in connection with an armed conflict (the IHL treaty law approach) or all those who have been reported missing (the ICRC approach). When they are legible in the case of armed conflicts, states select certain time frames, which may lead to discrimination or exclusion of missing persons, depending on the time frame of the authority.Item Reflecţii privind dreptatea şi echitatea(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Mărgineanu, ValentinIt is demonstrated that justice and equity are not just legal categories, but have a pronounced social and ethical character, which is why the law cannot monopolize justice and equity. Through the lens of these categories, an external assessment of the state’s actions and the content of the law is carried out. The main ways of conceptually approaching of justice and equity are analyzed. The idea that fundamental human rights can only be realized through justice and equity is upheld. A distinction is made between legal justice, social justice and individual justice. The concrete forms of expressing the justice and equity are examined in the positive national law of the Republic of Moldova.Item Concepţiile moderne cu privire la aplicarea pedepsei(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Ciobanu, Igor; Cotruţă, Artur; Negruţă, AnaModern conceptions of punishment bring back the retributive ideas of criminal sanctions. This time, retribution no longer appears as a revenge of society against the criminal, as a brutal robbery with him, but as an equal weighing of the two factors, deed and guilt, on the one hand, and punishment, on the other. Suffering, the essence of punishment, must be met with a justly proportionate application of the punishment. Promoting modern conceptions of punishment does not mean returning to the idea of blind revenge on the part of society, to causing irrational suffering only to frighten the criminal and those around him. The idea of retribution, of recompense for the committed deed, does not mean a robbery up to the physical elimination of the perpetrator, but, in a modern vision, it means a rational reaction of society to his antisocial acts.Item Dilema modernizării și construcția credibilității [Articol](CEP USM, 2024) Ciobanu, RodicaThe content of this article formulates questions on the wide reform processes that the Republic of Moldova has gone through in the context of its reform and modernization initiatives. The questions addressed outline some processes and reasons that reveal potential directions of analysis and propose solutions in order to maintain progress towards good governance, protection of the individual, and efficiency of law. In this context, the law is seen as an instrument capable of contributing to socio-political stability and responding to the challenges of digitization and globalization.Item Respectarea drepturilor străinilor: relații de cooperare RM-UE(Print-Caro, 2023-03-15) Postolachi, OxanaIn the field of legal regulations, human rights on the background of universal realities become rights of citizens on the plane of internal realities. In this regard, every person has rights and freedoms inherent to the human being (social, economic, civil, cultural and political) in the state of which he is a citizen. Foreign citizens and stateless persons have the same rights and duties as citizens of the Republic of Moldova, with the exceptions established by law. The article in question concerns the rights of foreigners on the territory of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the intention of the Republic of Moldova to join the EU. All citizens of the Republic of Moldova are equal before the law and public authorities, regardless of race, nationality, ethnic origin, language, religion, sex, opinion, political affiliation, wealth or social origin. Their legal status is established by the legislation in force and the international agreements to which the Republic of Moldova is a party, respectively, benefiting from rights and freedoms without harming the state's interests, rights and interests legitimate rights of citizens of the Republic of Moldova and other persons.Item Respect of rule of law and human right as main condition for moldavian europenisation(Print-Caro, 2023-03-15) Mercuș, RaduRespect the right you respect a law, nowadays is condition for all the states that have committed themselves by signing and perfom the rights of the population into reality today, is the only method we will live in a normal social order. The right for something common in a democratic society a natural action when you want to act in a way or to access the various services such as the right to information, the right to education, the right to freedom and safety, the right to freedom of expression or the right to a fair trial in most conventions, treaties, international agreements that most European states have committed to respect, promote and sanction for their violation. The European Union was created with as its concept objective for the respect of human rights, democracy and respect for the law as well as civil, economic, social and cultural rights, the commitment to promote and respect the rights of all people even if they are from certain fields such as technology, telecommunications, investments. , industry, trade etc The promotion of social economic values or cultural objects in the fight against non-discrimination depending on certain criteria that differentiates the person being vulnerable to those external factors therefore and the motto of the European Union unity through diversity assumes that we are all different, we have different concepts of life, cultural and religious affiliation. or ethnically different which involves effort on the part of the European community through the institutions created to adopt normative acts to which the state must implement sanctions for non-compliance. The abolition of sanctions such as torture, inhuman or degrading treatment as well as the death penalty is an objective assumed by respecting human rights, is the European Union, more exactly the member state, committing to respect and promote them.Item Dreptul achiziției publice ca instituție sau ca sub-ramură a dreptului administrativ(2023) Postolachi, Oxana; Cârnaț, TeodorPrin mecanismul de achiziţii publice se asigură procurarea în mod transparent şi echitabil a bunurilor, executarea de lucrări sau prestarea de servicii pentru necesităţi publice fie de nivel central, fie de nivel local. Obținerea unui sistem eficient și credibil de achiziții publice reprezintă unul dintre elementele importante în dezvoltarea unor servicii publice de calitate. Reglementarea de stat a domeniului achiziţiilor presupune activitatea unor autorităţi publice competente, în temei executive, privind regulile, standardele și cerințele după care se efectuează procedurile de achiziţie publică. În calitate de autoritate competentă principală în domeniul achiziţiilor publice apare Agenţia Achiziţii Publice (AAP), care este o autoritate administrativă în subordinea Ministerului Finanţelor, constituită în scopul efectuării supravegherii, controlului ex-post şi coordonării între ramuri în domeniul achiziţiilor publice. Dreptul achizițiilor publice este subordonat dreptului administrativ. Cercetarea noastră presupune încadrarea dreptului achizițiilor publice ca instituție sau ca sub-ramură a dreptului administrativ în funcție de aspectele evolutive ale acestuia în timp.Item RE-valorizarea dreptului între interogatii și răspunsuri(CEP USM, 2023-12-01) Ciobanu, RodicaThe subject matter that we propose can be seen as an inquiry of the problems that we face in today’s world, where the law has been placed at the centre of criticism from both society and the authorities. The rationale justifies in certain dimensions the way in which the perception of the crisis of law has been shaped and the need to determine the ways in which the current state can be resolved by returning to the fundamental values of law connected to the professional and personal attributes of those involved in the development of law, being part of the most diverse professional backgrounds. At the same time, it suggests the need to revise the standards of professional training, by returning to values such as justice, equity, legality, etc., as well as establishing evaluation criteria that are set from the beginning of a professional career. The research is part of a more comprehensive investigation developed in the project „Modernization of Governance Mechanisms focused on the Protection of Human Rights”.