Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/6

Browse

End date: 2021Subject: search.filters.subject.criminal law

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 20
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Analiza jurisprudenței CtEDO cu privire la încălcarea dreptului la viață de către Republica Moldova
    (Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2020) Pavlovschi, Stanislav; Cârnaț, Teodor
    In the contemporary era, great steps were taken towards the development of the principles and standards in the field of the protection of human rights. Human life has thus obtained a central position within treaties, among which, the European Convention on Human Rights. The Republic of Moldova, following its membership to the Council of Europe and its ratification of the Convention, has committed to respect all the rights guaranteed by the latter, including the right to life.However, over the years, the state has failed to exercise its obligation fully, as the European Court of Human Rights has found violations which resulted in Moldova’s conviction. The article aims to analyze the cases lost by Moldova,which are relevant to the topic, as well as the position of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court on the matter.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Analiza juridico-penală a legislației unor state cu o democrație consacrată privind incriminarea infracțiunilor electorale și coruperii alegătorilor [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2020) Tanas, Ghenadie
    Most often, states with a consolidated and stable democracy have systems of law that effectively protect the institutions of the rule of law and the democratic exchange of state power within an honest electoral competition. Due to the legal maturity of the legal systems, the criminal laws in Germany, Austria and the United Kingdom, the study of the issues related to the regulation and incrimination of the corruption facts of the voters and other election crimes, in the legislation of the listed states, is of particular interest. The aspects of incrimination are analyzed, mechanisms for voter accountability and mechanisms to prevent and combat fake news.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Fenomenul constituționalizării în dreptul penal [Articol]
    (Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2021) Bordianu, Adrian
    The chosen topic sets forward the interest of an interdisciplinary approach, but also an innovating vision on the intersection of two law branches. We propose the analysis of criminal law constitutionalization due to the general trend in which criminal law is equally subscribed, namely that of conventionalization and constitutionalization of law. Moreover, the study of the two law branches is relevant given the highly intimate connections between them, through rendering more effective the protection of fundamental rights and liberties. The problem or hypothesis raised is” What is the starting point and how does theprocess of constitutionalization of the criminal law acts/functions?”, implicitly admitting the existence of such a phenomenon, highlighting the relations between criminal law and the Constitution, respectively of the means of constitutionalization and the effects of this phenomenon.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Analiza jurisprudenței CtEDO cu privire la încălcarea dreptului la viață de către Republica Moldova [Articol]
    (Artpoligraf, 2020) Pavlovschi, Stanislav; Cîrnaţ, Teodor
    In the contemporary era, great steps were taken towards the development of the principles and standards in the field of the protection of human rights. Human life has thus obtained a central position within treaties, among which, the European Convention on Human Rights. The Republic of Moldova, following its membership to the Council of Europe and its ratification of the Convention, has committed to respect all the rights guaranteed by the latter, including the right to life.However, over the years, the state has failed to exercise its obligation fully, as the European Court of Human Rights has found violations which resulted in Moldova’s conviction. The article aims to analyze the cases lost by Moldova,which are relevant to the topic, as well as the position of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court on the matter.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Variabile juridice în sfera penală contemporană: cazul constrângerii psihice [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2021) Grama(Timotin), Mariana
    Mental coercion is one of the circumstances that eliminate the criminal nature of an act that is insufficiently regulated by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. The legislator establishes its general marks in art. 39 of the Criminal Code, without making a clear distinction between the effects of the application of physical and mental coercion. More than that, paragraph 2 of art. 39 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova provides that criminal liability is governed by the conditions established in art. 38 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, which means the conditions of the state of extreme necessity. Mental coercion (also called “moral coercion” in other legislations) is considered to be an “old” institution of criminal law, although, for the Republic of Moldova, it is a relatively new circumstance that eliminates the criminal nature of an act. The motivation for the appearance of this circumstance that eliminates the criminal nature of an act, the limits of its application, the effects of finding its existence, the “criminal-moral” relationship in establishing the deed committed in the conditions of mental coercion are just some of the aspects related to this circumstance.In this article, our approach is based on the absent or contradictory conclusions of the doctrine, but also the practically non-existent jurisprudence referred to the mental coercion as one of the circumstances that eliminate the criminal nature of an act. But before elucidating the questions that are raised, we propose some short incursions in the historical evolution of this circumstance that eliminates the criminal nature of an act and also the evocation of some aspects of the comparative criminal law. For the examination of mental coercion, we propose a complex approach, not only from the perspective of criminal law, but also through the prism of moral norms.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Măsuri alternative de prevenire și sancționare a persoanelor juridice în dreptul penal [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2021) Botnaru, Stela; Buravcenco, Iulia
    It would be advisable to take into consideration opinion of lawyers and business people, when developing institute of criminal liability of legal entities, because this issue concerns corporative culture. Business people could advise on elaboration of standards of self-governing good morals. A legislator could in its turn make negligence of these standards into basic requirement for criminal liability of legal entities. None the less it does not mean that an issue of criminal liability of legal entities in Moldova shall exceptionally be settled in the light of corporative culture doctrine. There are no sample-models regarding application of criminal liability to legal entities, which would satisfy all countries. The doctrine of corporative criminal liability fits to cases, where punishment is imposed for formal offences, for example, storage of illegal objects, failure to observe terms. In these cases offence is completed with the moment of action, and mental state of the person in relation to the objective elements of the criminal offence must not be established. Therefore particular activity determines subjective attitude of the guilty person in relation to the offence. The most important in this field are the existent punishments really efficient and how to maximize the efficiency of these punishments. That is why we try to prose several alternatives for prevention and sanction of the legal entities.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Participaţia la comiterea infracţiunilor de omor – delimitări teoretico-metodologice [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2021) Arcer, Alexandru
    La momentul actual în ştiinţa dreptului penal sub aspectul diferenţierii participanţilor la infracţiune au fost şi continuă să concureze până în prezent două teorii de bază ce caracterizează participaţia penală: una obiectivă şi una subiectivă, dar este cunoscută şi o teorie mixtă. În acest context, în dreptul penal este unanim recunoscut principiul conform căruia, în caz de participaţie, nu se modifică temeiul general al răspunderii penale. Asupra participanţilor la infracţiune se răsfrâng principiile generale ale răspunderii în dreptul penal, potrivit cărora temeiul răspunderii penale îl formează fapta prejudiciabilă ce conţine toate elementele componenţei infracţiunii prevăzute de Codul penal. Acest principiu are o importanţă principială atât la stabilirea răspunderii pentru faptele săvârşite de o singură persoană, cât şi pentru cele comise în participaţie. Actualitatea prezentului studiu în limitele unui articol ştiinţific reiese din faptul că legea penală consideră participaţia la infracţiune drept una dintre cele mai periculoase forme de activitate infracţională după gradul de răspundere şi gravitatea urmărilor penale, participaţia la infracţiune constituind un grad prejudiciabil sporit.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Măsuri alternative de prevenire și sancționare a persoanelor juridice în dreptul penal [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2021) Butnaru, Stela; Buravcenco, Iulia
    It would be advisable to take into consideration opinion of lawyers and business people, when developing institute of criminal liability of legal entities, because this issue concerns corporative culture. Business people could advise on elaboration of standards of self-governing good morals. A legislator could in its turn make negligence of these standards into basic requirement for criminal liability of legal entities. None the less it does not mean that an issue of criminal liability of legal entities in Moldova shall exceptionally be settled in the light of corporative culture doctrine. There are no sample-models regarding application of criminal liability to legal entities, which would satisfy all countries. The doctrine of corporative criminal liability fits to cases, where punishment is imposed for formal offences, for example, storage of illegal objects, failure to observe terms. In these cases offence is completed with the moment of action, and mental state of the person in relation to the objective elements of the criminal offence must not be established. Therefore particular activity determines subjective attitude of the guilty person in relation to the offence. The most important in this field are the existent punishments really efficient and how to maximize the efficiency of these punishments. That is why we try to prose several alternatives for prevention and sanction of the legal entities.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Analiza jurisprudenței CtEDO cu privire la încălcarea dreptului la viață de către Republica Moldova [Articol]
    (Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2020) Pavlovschi, Stanislav; Cârnaţ, Teodor
    In the contemporary era, great steps were taken towards the development of the principles and standards in the field of the protection of human rights. Human life has thus obtained a central position within treaties, among which, the European Convention on Human Rights. The Republic of Moldova, following its membership to the Council of Europe and it stratification of the Convention, has committed to respect all the rights guaranteed by the latter, including the right to life. However, over the years, the state has failed to exercise it sob ligation fully, as the European Court of Human Rights has found violations which resulted in Moldova’s conviction. The article aims to analyze the cases lost by Moldova, which are relevant to the topic, as well as the position of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court on the matter.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Unele probleme privind aplicarea legii penale în timp: viziunea doctrinei contemporane mondiale [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2020) Pădure, Drăgălin; Gîrla, Lilia
    În acest articol sunt sintetizate recentele viziuni și concluzii referitoare la regulile tehnicii legislative operate în materia revizuirii și adaptării normelor juridico - penale, sunt scoase în evidență vizuinile progresive privind aplicarea legii penale în timp, accentul fiind pus pe unele puncte discutabile. O condiţie pentru corecta înţelegere şi aplicare a legii penale o constituie claritatea, accesibilitatea normelor sale. Forţa obligatori e a legii penale subzistă numai pe perioada cât este activă, perioadă ce se situează între momentul intrării ei în vigoare şi momentul ieşirii din vigoare, care coincide cu încetarea obligativităţii respectării legii penale. Totodată, pentru a - și asigura temeinicia rezultatelor cercetării, autorii au purces la analiza doctrinei contemporane în domeniul dreptului penal. În urma studiului realizat au fost formulate unele concluzii care clarifică natura aplicării legii penale în timp în doctrina modernă.