Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law

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Author: search.filters.author.Zaharia, Virginia

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    IMPACTUL REGLEMENTĂRILOR ASUPRA INOVAȚIEI ȘI SIGURANȚEI ÎN DOMENIUL BIOMEDICAL
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Zaharia, Virginia
    This article explores the impact of regulations on innovation and safety in the biomedical field, examining how regulations influence innovation and safety through a comparative analysis of the global legislative framework. The study emphasizes the importance of regulations for patient protection and ensuring the efficacy of new biomedical technologies, while also highlighting the challenges they pose for innovators. The research underscores how regulations affect the development process of new biomedical technologies and the necessary balance between patient protection and the stimulation of innovation. The conclusions outline the importance of a harmonized and flexible approach to support progress in the biomedical field, while ensuring the safety and efficacy of products and procedures.
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    THE PHILOSOPHICAL VISION OF LEGAL PUNISHMENT
    (Iași: Lumen Publishing House, 2021-05-26) Zaharia, Virginia; Pozneacova, Veronica
    The concept of punishment represents one of the most difficult legal issues that are related to the concept of human freedom and responsibility. Since Antiquity, the brilliant minds of humanity contemplated about the sense of punishment and the function of this institution. Each epoch analyses this concept from different aspects and some of them are reflected in the actual legislation. The most important principles of contemporary criminal law were expounded by the Ancient, Modern and Contemporary philosophers. The field of research of this article is the philosophy of punishment of criminal law. In this study, we have applied the method of historical research of the proposed topic, which gives us the opportunity to analyze the development of criminal punishment and its goals from a historical perspective. In this paper, we aimed to determine the philosophical base of the legal punishment that legitimizes the application of sanctions to the person who committed the crime. We established the importance of the theories developed by brilliant thinkers for the contemporary concept of penal retribution and legal regulation of this institution. This theme generates several discussions that are formed in the process of comparison and debating of the ideas of influential philosophers regarding the purpose of criminal punishment. Therefore, we consider that the analysis of the theories of great thinkers gives us the possibility to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of criminal punishment, and leads to the more effective application of state constraint towards the offender.
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    CONCEPTUL ȘI TRĂSĂTURILE SPECIFICE ALE MECANISMELOR JURIDICE DE PROTECȚIE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI ÎN CADRUL ORGANIZAȚIEI NAȚIUNILOR UNITE
    (Chișinău, 2023-06-21) Zaharia, Virginia; Luca, Ala
    The issue of human rights seems to be a specific issue of our century, but it is nevertheless not absolutely new in the history of humanity, due to the special attention paid to human rights after the Second World War, when the United Nations was established, which is the main international intergovernmental organization, with universal character within which the foundation of international human rights law was established. The problem of non-observance of human rights is not only a national, internal problem of states, but an international, world one, in the observance of which the entire international community and primarily the United Nations are interested.
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    EXTRĂDAREA CA FORMĂ A ASISTENȚEI JURIDICE INTERNAȚIONALE ÎN MATERIE PENALĂ
    (Chișinău, 2023-06-21) Cuciurcă, Angela; Zaharia, Virginia
    The topicality of the addressed subject resides in the interest shown in knowing extradition as a form of international legal assistance in criminal matters. In achieving the collaboration of the states in the fight against the criminal phenomenon, extradition has a special role, being the form of legal assistance that the states resort to most often in the activity of crime prevention and repression. For the Republic of Moldova, as a unitary and independent state, extradition is a relatively new institution, which appeared as an inevitable consequence of the state's fight against crime. The premise of its appearance was the fact that the Republic of Moldova declared itself an independent and sovereign state. The main role of extradition is to provide each state with the best conditions for the realization of justice in the repression activity. This requirement is fulfilled whenever the criminal is tried and punished by the state whose law he violated, or, the execution offers the states the opportunity to fulfill this requirement, obviously constituting a proof of solidarity embodied in the acceptance by each state of the obligation to to deliver the criminals to the justice of the state whose public order was disturbed. In this way, the legislations that provide for the unlimited criterion, for crimes committed outside the territory, thus enshrining the principle of universality, subordinate the application of their own rules, giving preference to extradition. Only when extradition for certain reasons would not work, the state in whose territory he took refuge will, with the subsidiary title, apply its criminal law. Through international or bilateral conventions, the signatory states have established three systems for granting extradition, according to the legal mechanism used and according to the system of which the state authority that receives the request, fulfills the formalities and decides on the extradition is a part. The Republic of Moldova adopted the mixed system of granting extradition.
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    IMPLEMENTAREA ACORDULUI DE ASOCIERE REPUBLICA MOLDOVA – UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ ÎN DOMENIUL ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTULUI SUPERIOR
    (CEP USM, 2022-05-16) Zaharia, Virginia; Pozneacova, Veronica
    In 2014, it was signed the Association Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the EU. It provided the set of the complex measures that should be implemented in the Higher Education field. These measures refer to the standards of education’s evaluation, accreditation of educational programs, reform of the vocational and university education system, implementation of the lifelong learning concept, and implementation of international projects in education. Implementing the Association Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the EU in education determined the adoption of several primary and secondary normative acts. We examined the National Action Plans for implementing the Association Agreement Moldova – EU in 2014-2016, 2017-2019, establishing the evolutions of the reforms in education. In this study, we aimed to determine the Association Agreement’s provisions in high education, to analyze the positive obligations assumed by the Republic of Moldova, and to examine the normative provisions by which our state realized these obligations.
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    PARTICULARITĂȚI PRIVIND ANALIZA NATURII JURIDICE A DREPTURILOR ŞI LIBERTĂŢILOR FUNDAMENTALE ALE OMULUI
    (USEM, 2021-12-03) Ceban, Cristina; Zaharia, Virginia
    The study design, we aimed to research the legal nature of the rights and freedoms of the human being, because of the issue of human rights has been, is, and will always be in the spotlight, and it will be the object of concern of the experts in the field of law, political scientists, sociologists, politicians, and the whole of the companies, given the fact that human rights have become one of the central ideas of the day that tend to be accepted by all the countries of the world, beyond the differences in the historical, cultural, and economic factors.The purpose of this research is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The field of human rights is a widely discussed topic of vital importance to every state. According to them, their observance leads to a prosperity of each state, to a liberation and tranquility that dominates the whole world. In the process of drawing up this article, methods were used: logical, analytical, comparative.
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    FENOMENUL MIGRAȚIEI DE REVENIRE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA ȘI SISTEMUL DE GRANTURI ACORDATE MIGRANȚILOR PENTRU DEZVOLTAREA AFACERII
    (Tipografia „Adrilang”, 2022-12-02) Zaharia, Virginia; Pozneacova, Veronica
    După proclamarea suveranității și a independenței, Republica Moldova s-a confruntat cu exodul fenomenului migrației cetățenilor peste hotarele țării. Emigrarea forței de muncă a afectat economia. Treptat imigranții au început să revină în țara lor de origine, fenomenul cunoscut sub denumire de “migrație de revenire”. În cadrul studiului dat ne propunem să analizăm tipurile migrației și semnificația acestui fenomen în epoca contemporană. Vom examina specificul migrației de revenire, factorii, care determină emigrarea cetățenilor, cât și politicile de subsidii și granturi acordate migranților reveniți și familiilor acestora cu scopul dezvoltării afacerii. Considerăm oportun să determinăm specificul, condițiile acordării granturilor și domeniile de finanțare în cadrul proiectelor de subsidii acordate de către Guvern. De asemenea, vom stabili particularitățile Programului național de stimulare a revenirilor și facilitare a (re)integrării cetățenilor Republicii Moldova implicați în procesul de migrație pentru anii 2022 – 2026 și impactul acestuia asupra fenomenului migrației de revenire.
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    ABORDĂRI ȘTIINȚIFICE ȘI NORMATIVE PRIVIND SOLUŢIONAREA CONFLICTELOR INTERNAŢIONALE
    (Tipografia „Adrilang”, 2022-01-27) Guzun, Ivan; Zaharia, Virginia; Luca, Ala
    Necesitatea şi actualitatea investigării ştiinţifice a problemei soluţionării conflictelor internaţionale în lumea contemporană sunt determinate, în viziunea noastră, de câteva motive importante. Dat fiind faptul că momentul-cheie al conflictului internaţional îl constituie recurgerea la forţă sau la ameninţarea cu aplicarea acesteia, evident că prima problemă majoră ce necesită clarificare în noile circumstanţe internaţionale ţine de încadrarea juridică a recurgerii la forţă ca mijloc de soluționare a conflictelor şi evaluarea cadrului juridic internaţional prin prisma aplicabilităţii principiului interzicerii folosirii forţei în relaţiile internaţionale.
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    LIMITELE TEMPORALE ALE DREPTULUI LA VIAȚĂ
    (Tipografia „Adrilang”, 2022-01-27) Pozneacova, Veronica; Zaharia, Virginia
    Life represents a constitutional right, regulated at the International and national levels. Despite of the general importance of this fundamental right, the moment of the emergence and extinction of the right to life remains a controversial one, both in the doctrinal discussions and in the debates of the wide circles of the population. The birth and death of a person, facts that have the legal connotation form the temporal limits of the right to life being presented within the current regulations. States have not adopted a unanimously recognized vision on the emergence of the right to life in aspects related to the legal status of the embryo and that of the unborn child. The substantial difference between the legislations of several states is manifested in the establishment of conception or birth as the beginning from which the life of the human being enjoys the protection of the state. The death, as the temporal limit of the right to life in the present, generates many discussions with ethical, legal and medical connotation. Currently, the establishment of the person’s death is based on the criterion of biological death or brain death. Introducing brain death as a basic criterion for ascertaining death determined the necessity to justify it from the perspective of ascertaining the cessation of brain activity or certain areas of it, being closely related to the field of transplantology. The purpose of this article is to determine the models of regulation of the temporal limits of the right to life, as well as to analyze the specifics of each approach based on medical, ethical, philosophical and legal arguments.
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    ANALIZA PRACTICII INTERNAȚIONALE ÎN DOMENIUL ASIGURĂRII VIEȚII PRIVATE ÎN CONTEXTUL SECURITĂȚII CIBERNETICE
    (USEM, 2022-03-04) Zaharia, Virginia; Luca, Ala
    Analizând subiectul propus spre cercetare privind Internetul și protecția drepturilor fundamentale în acest spațiu, susținem că Internetul actualmente este un utilaj care poate duce la modernizarea și schimbarea în societate cu condiția de a respecta drepturile omului, și de aceea avem nevoie de o orientare la nivel internațional, acte normative la nivel național, siguranța datelor și libertatea pe de altă parte, iar acest studiu a jurisprudenței internaționale ne va oferi posibilitatea de a examina mai multe cazuri vizând încălcarea drepturilor omului prin intermediului Internetului. Fiind o verigă solidă și totodată cea mai slabă, Securitatea Cibernetică necesită o atenție sporită care necesită de a implementa o cultură strategică comună tuturor statelor lumii și de a elabora și implementa strategii naționale a securității cibernetice comune pentru a putea face față sfidărilor, pentru protecția integrității fizice a cetățenilor, prin sporirea eficienții eficacității și funcționării sigure a infrastructurilor critice și politice de securitate cibernetică, trebuie să ofere un mediu digital sigur și fiabil bazat pe protecția și conservarea libertăților și pe respectarea drepturilor omului on-line, în special protecția vieții private și a datelor cu caracter personal.