Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item OBIECTIVE DE CONSERVARE ȘI EVALUAREA BIODIVERSITĂȚII: PILONI AI PROTECȚIEI NATURII ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Punga, Irina; Iordanov, Iordanca-RodicaArticolul explorează relația dintre obiectivele de conservare și evaluarea biodiversității în cadrul implementării politicii de mediu în Republica Moldova. Se subliniază importanța rețelei Natura 2000 și a Rețelei Emerald ca cadre fundamentale pentru conservarea biodiversității. Este evidențiată necesitatea stabilirii unor obiective de conservare specifice și măsurabile pentru fiecare sit Emerald, precum și implementarea mecanismului de evaluare a biodiversității. De asemenea, se discută importanța planurilor de management în gestionarea durabilă a acestor situri protejate. Articolul concluzionează prin sublinierea importanței integrării acestor elemente pentru asigurarea unei protecții eficiente a naturii și promovarea dezvoltării durabile în Moldova.Item RELEVANȚA MAJORĂ A PRINCIPIULUI PRECAUȚIEI ÎN IMPLEMENTAREA EFICIENTĂ A MECANISMULUI DE EVALUARE A BIODIVERSITĂȚII(CEP USM, 2024) Punga, IrinaIn light of unprecedented threats to biodiversity posed by human activities in the contemporary era, it is imperative to adopt effective and sustainable measures to protect biological diversity. Among these measures, the implementation of efficient biodiversity assessment mechanisms plays a crucial role in identifying and mitigating the negative impact of climate change, massive deforestation, and loss of natural habitats. This article proposes an analysis of the exceptional importance of the precautionary principle in the context of effectively implementing biodiversity assessment mechanisms. We will explore the theoretical foundations of this principle, emphasizing its justifications in the face of associated risks and uncertainties. Understanding and appropriately applying the precautionary principle can be an essential tool in our efforts to efficiently implement biodiversity assessment mechanisms and ensure biodiversity protection, promoting sustainable management of natural resources.Item ROLUL AUTORITĂȚILOR PUBLICE ÎN PROCESUL DE ASIGURARE A DREPTULUI OMULUI LA ACCESUL LIBER LA INFORMAȚIILE DE MEDIU(CEP USM, 2023) Punga, Irina; Iordanov, Iordanca-RodicaIn a democratic society, keeping information about the environ-ment and the impact of activities on the environment secret is unacceptable. The right of access to environmental information is one of the fundamental human rights. In the Republic of Moldova, the right of access to environmental information is a constitutional right. Thus, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, Art. 37 para. (2), the state has a positive obligation to guarantee to everyone the right to free access to and dissemination of truthful information on the state of the natural environment, living and working condi-tions, the quality of food and household items. The first international agreement to recognise the importance of public ac-cess to information in environmental decision-making is the Aarhus Conven-tion. The Convention recognises that access to environmental information is essential for protecting the environment and promoting sustainable develop-ment. By ensuring access to environmental information, the public concer-ned can make informed decisions about the environment, participate in deci-sion-making processes and hold governments and other relevant authorities accountable for their actions. The right of access to environmental informati-on should be seen both in terms of the public’s right to request information and in terms of the positive obligation of state authorities to actively disseminate environmental information to the public concerned. Public authorities have a crucial role in ensuring public access to environmental information. By collec-ting, storing, and disseminating this information, public authorities can help citizens to make decisions about the environment and take action to protect it. The protection of the right of access to environmental information cannot be achieved without effective mechanisms to protect it. Under the Aarhus Con-vention, parties must establish a national framework for the implementation of the Convention and ensure compliance with its provisions. This framework should include procedures for dealing with complaints and ensuring access to justice in environmental matters. One of the mechanisms for ensuring com-pliance with the Aarhus Convention is the Compliance Committee. Over the years, the Committee has received numerous complaints about the right of access to environmental information, including complaints about the failure of public authorities to provide environmental information in a timely and effective manner. The present study aimed to analyse the role of public authorities in the pro-cess of ensuring the right of access to environmental information through the lens of the decisions and findings of the Compliance Committee and including the problems still faced by individuals and organisations seeking access to environmental information.Item ACCESUL LA JUSTIȚIE – INSTRUMENT DE ASIGURARE A DREPTULUI LA UN MEDIU SĂNĂTOS. EXPERIENȚA EUROPEANĂ(2023) Ciobanu, Rodica; Punga, IrinaDreptul la un mediu sănătos și durabil este considerat un drept fundamental al omului și devine tot mai important pe măsură ce problemele legate de mediu se accelerează. Acest drept, recunoscut la nivel internațional și național, implică responsabilitatea statelor de a proteja și promova mediul înconjurător și de a asigura că orice persoană interesată are acces la informații, participare publică și justiție în domeniul mediului. Justiția în materie de mediu joacă un rol crucial în protejarea și promovarea dreptului la un mediu sănătos. Sistemul judiciar în perioada modernă se află în continuă dezvoltare și perfecționare, iar un rol aparte îl au principiile și normele de drept internațional, precum și tratatele internaționale universal recunoscute la care Republica Moldova este parte. Un rol aparte în asigurarea și apărarea dreptului omului la un mediu sănătos, inclusiv a dreptului de a accede la o instanța de judecată în materie de mediu, îl are Convenția europeană a drepturilor omului și Convenția de la Aarhus, prin care au fost instituite două mecanisme internaționale unice de apărare a dreptului omului la un mediu sănătos. Studiul de față și-a propus să analizeze jurisprudența internațională în legătură cu accesul liber la justiție în materie de mediu și rolul Curții Europene a Drepturilor Omului și a Comitetului de Supraveghere a Convenției de la Aarhus ca mecanisme de asigurare a respectării dreptului omului la un mediu sănătos.Item MECANISMELE LEGALE DE PROTECȚIE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI LA UN MEDIU SĂNĂTOS(CEP USM, 2021-12-08) Punga, Irina; Iordanov, Iordanca-RodicaThe protection of the human right to a healthy environment cannot be achieved in the absence of legal and effective mechanisms in place, that would regulate it. Mechanisms responsible for the protection of the right to a healthy environment/environmental mat- ters do not only guarantee the assurance and possibility of exercising such rights, but also constitute an important procedural right on its own. Environmental issues will largely trigger the proper functioning of the mechanisms set to protect the human rights to a healthy environment, which will alternatively completely eliminate the problem of access to justice in environmental matters. The article includes a study dedicated to the identifi- cation and assessment of the particularities of the legal mechanism for the protection of ecological rights and interests, including the national, international legislation and the practice of ECHR.Item OPORTUNITĂȚI ȘI AVANTAJE ALE DIVERSIFICĂRII MECANISMELOR JURIDICE DE EVALUARE DE MEDIU PENTRU ASIGURAREA DREPTULUI LA UN MEDIU SĂNĂTOS(CEP USM, 2023) Punga, Irina; Iordanov, Iordanca-RodicaAs countries continue to urbanise, populations grow and economies develop, pressures on the environment increase, threatening environmental sustainability. In order to address the environmental challenges posed by various economic and political phenomena and to ensure the protection of the human right to a healthy environment, environmental assessment mechanisms have been established. Environmental assessment is seen as an integrative process in which social, economic and biophysical systems are harmoniously combined in environmental decision-making. In order to assess the opportunities and benefits of diversifying environmental assessment mechanisms to ensure the right to a healthy environment, it is necessary to understand their historical development. Therefore, the article includes a study dedicated to the analysis of the concept of environmental assessment and provides a history of the development and use of different forms of environmental assessment and their advantages in ensuring the right to a healthy environment.Item PARTICIPAREA CIVILĂ ÎN PROCESE DECIZIONALE DE MEDIU ÎN CONTEXTUL CRIZEI DECLANȘATE DE COVID -19(Artpoligraf, 2021) Iordanov, Iordanca-Rodica; Punga, IrinaPublic involvement or citizen engagement can be thought of as the processes that ensure the sentiments / position of citizens and non-governmental organizations are reflected in the way a authorities operate. More formally, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs defines public participation „the involvement of citizens in the decision making process of the State - through measures and / or institutional arrangements -to increase their influence on public policies and programs, ensuring a more positive impact on their social and economic levels”. The 2020 will remain in history as year of global pandemic with strong restrictions. Most Governments have responded to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic by declaring a state of emergency and by adopting numerous measures to combat the spread of the virus, which have often included restrictions on the freedoms of assembly and movement. It is important to realized that the fundamental environmental rights should be respected and state should create and elaborate the adequate mechanism for guaranteeing the right to access to information and public participation in decision making process on environmental matters.