Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item ASIGURAREA DREPTULUI LA UN MEDIU SĂNĂTOS, INCLUSIV LA AER CURAT PRIN REDUCEREA POLUANȚILOR ATMOSFERICI PERICULOȘI PENTRU SĂNĂTATEA UMANĂ(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Plotnic, Olesea; Zamfir, NataliaOn 28 July 2022, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly voted unanimously to declare the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment a universal right for all. Through this historic resolution, the UN General Assembly affirms that every inhabitant of the planet has the right to a healthy environment, including clean air, clean water and a stable climate. This resolution could empower citizens in many countries to use human rights law to challenge environmental inaction and harmful policies. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the alignment of national legislation with EU standards in ensuring the quality of atmospheric air to avoid negative impacts on human health. These measures include: developing the legal framework to achieve air quality levels by establishing national commitments to reduce anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), ammonia (NH₃), and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅); transposing Directive (EU) 2016/2284 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants; developing a national air pollution control program that will include political and legal measures to ensure the reduction of atmospheric pollutant emissions; and developing and reporting emission inventories, national emission forecasts, and informative inventory reports for atmospheric pollutants.Item ENHANCING CONSUMER RIGHTS THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TOOLS IN THE EUROPEAN PUBLIC SPHERE(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Plotnic, OleseaEffective consumer protection policies are essential for the proper and efficient functioning of the single market. The European public sphere must ensure consumer rights vis- à-vis traders and provide enhanced protection by leveraging digital tools, particularly for consumers as vulnerable parties in contractual agreements. Robust consumer protection regulations can significantly improve market outcomes, contributing to fairer markets and higher quality information dissemination, which in turn supports better environmental and social market outcomes. Empowering consumers and safeguarding their safety and economic interests have become central objectives of EU policy. This paper aims to outline a series of progressive steps necessary for prioritizing consumer rights protection within any country’s economy. It offers an indepth analysis of the importance of digital tools in safeguarding consumer rights, examining effective consumer protection legislation, enforcement institutions, and redress systems. The study focuseson evaluating and comparing consumer protection norms within the legal framework, aiming to identify relevant digital tools for the European public sphere. Additionally, the research investigates the application of legal provisions in the context of measures taken by authorities in response to consumer rights violations, emphasizing the transition from traditional to digital tools for consumer rights empowerment. The paper concludes by identifying various informal digital consumer protection tools that, while not directly regulated by law, are rapidly evolving alongside technological advancements.Item ELIMINAREA CLAUZELOR ABUZIVE ÎN CONTRACTELE DE CONSUM PRIN PRISMA CONFLICTULUI DE LEGI(2013) Băieșu, Aurel; Plotnic, OleseaIn the field of private international law can arise consumption disputes of individual consumer or a consumer association and a professional in the presence of foreign elements. Typically, the professional is not located in the same state with the plaintiff. Nowadays, by means of improved communication, such disputes may arise as a result of an advertisement made through television, the conclusion of contracts of sale by mail, online, and from the development of tourism, which facilitate the movement of people from one state to another. The article examines issues relating to the elimination of unfair terms in the consumer contracts of private international law. The present study aims to explore ways to protect the economic interests of consumers and to investigate the possibility of providing legal solutions in terms of conflict of laws.Item EUROPEAN UNION VIEW ON PERSONAL DATA IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS(2021) Cimil, Dorin; Plotnic, OleseaThe issue under investigation concerns whether personal data or personal information from the point of view of intellectual property constitutes as such a commodity or economic potential, which may be subject to alienation and registration as an object protected by the intellectual property system or represent a non-commercial object, without circulation in civil relations, with a special legal regime, connected to the fundamental human rights and freedoms. Recognition of personal data and other categories of information, related to the person (geolocation data, user-generated content) in terms of intellectual property rights as objects of civil rights, would allow the development of the data market, necessary for the functioning of innovative technologies on big data, cognitive calculations, the Internet of goods, and bringing these technologies into a legal and civilized field. The objective of the article is to appreciate whether personal data is subject to any intellectual property rights by the assessment of EU jurisprudence in line with national legal framework of the Republic of Moldova.Item IMPACT OF FORCE MAJEURE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CONTRACTS(2022) Plotnic, Olesea; Popescu, LuciaThe topicality of the subject is determined by the devastating economic effects of the events of the last two years that have affected the economy of the whole world, namely the pandemic with Covid 19 and most recently, the war in Ukraine. These effects are equally disruptive for intellectual property contracts when it is impossible to perform the obligation for the length of time the force majeure event exists, or the party shall engage in efforts to mitigate the effects of the force majeure event to perform the obligation under intellectual property contract. The research aims to clarify what circumstances or events could be considered force majeure, as well as the applicability of legal provisions in the context of measures undertaken by authorities in relation to events occurred. In addition, the performance of intellectual property contracts in force majeure circumstances will be addressed. Following the compared analysis of national legislations and practices, as well as different opinions and considerations of academia, the research reveals what circumstances could be considered a force majeure event, what are its particularities and impact on intellectual property contracts.Item NATURA JURIDICĂ A CERTIFICATULUI DE MOȘTENITOR PRIN PRISMA LEGISLAȚIEI EUROPENE(2020) Plotnic, Olesea; Tălămbuță, AngelaIn this article we will examine the legal nature of the heir certificate, according to the new amendments to the right of inheritance in the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova, being adapted to EU Regulation no. 650/2012, on successions and on the creation of a European certificate of heir. Because the right of inheritance is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova (art. 46 para. (6)) (1), and the certificate of heir emphasizes this freedom of the heir, through this study we tried to make an analysis of the correlation between constitutional norms and the provisions of the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova, in order to establish the degree of realization of this constitutional guarantee passed through the prism of the various legal provisions that in practice may affect the realization of the right of inheritance.Item LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE LA PRATIQUE DES CONTRATS D’ADHÉSION(2012) Cojocaru, Violeta; Plotnic, OleseaPrintre contractele propuse contractanţilor, contractul de adeziune este luat deseori, ca un exemplu cel mai caracteristic contractului de consum. George Ripert, scria că „în unele contracte poziţia părţilor este următoarea: unul din contractanţi este obligat să execute condiţiile care îi sunt propuse şi impuse de cealaltă parte. Aceste contracte au fost numite contracte de adeziune. Această categorie de contracte, pusă în discuţie în doctrină abia la începutul sec .XX, a constituit obiectul numeroaselor studii. Trebuie să menţionăm că în doctrină, actualmente, existenţa contractului de adeziune nu mai este contestată, astfel încât autorii J. Calais-Auloy, F. Steinmetz constată, în general, că contractele de adeziune constituie o „realitate socială”, cu toate că această categorie contractuală de excepţie, de fapt, a fost impusă de necesităţile producerii şi distribuirii în masă a produselor şi serviciilor oferite consumatorilor. Contractele de adeziune, o consecinţă a fenomenului vânzării în masă, aşa cum le defineşte Directiva nr. 93/13/CEE, sunt imaginea lipsei de negociere directă a stipulaţiilor contractuale. În doctrina franceză, s-a susţinut ideea conform căreia contractul de adeziune reprezintă materializarea abuzului de putere economică a profesionistului, astfel instituindu-se o prezumţie de abuz în ceea ce priveşte contractele de adeziune, prezumţie ce poate fi răsturnată prin proba existenţei negocierii. În practică, s-a pus problema de a şti în ce măsură un contract de administrare, de exemplu, poate fi considerat un contract de adeziune, întrucât unele clauze ale acestui contract pot face obiectul unei negocieri prealabile. Răspunsul este dat de art. 3, alin. (2), pct. 2 al Directivei nr.93/13/CEE privind clauzele abuzive în contractele încheiate cu consumatorii, care prevede că, în pofida faptului că unele clauze au fost supuse unei negocieri prealabile, nu se exclude posibilitatea existenţei unui contract reformulat, dacă aceasta rezultă din evaluarea contractului în întregul său. Lipsa negocierii, în asemenea cazuri, se sprijină pe faptul că nu întotdeauna consumatorul are la îndemână mijloace reale de negociere, ceea ce face ca un astfel de contract să rămână subscris sferei contractelor de adeziune.Item PROCEDURA PREJUDICIARĂ DE PROTECŢIE A CONSUMATORILOR ASIGURATĂ DE AGENŢIA PENTRU PROTECŢIA CONSUMATORILOR(Academia de Administrație Publică, 2014) Plotnic, OleseaThe trader is bound both by law as by ethical standards to behave properly in his relations with the consumer, and by any means not use unfair trading practices concerning regarding the above mentioned. In order to encourage the consumers to a good solving of individual cases, the Consumer Protection Agency compiles information materials, through wich it informs those interested in what is the procedure to follow and possible cases of contracts with un fair terms inserted by traders, commonly encountered unfair trade practices, and the context of consumer credit and so on. By the nature of its duties and powers, the Consumer Protection Agency conducts both direct protection, and indirect protection of consumers.Item ATRIBUŢIILE ORGANELOR VAMALE ALE REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ÎN DOMENIUL PROTECŢIEI CONSUMATORILOR(Academia de Administrație Publică, 2014-05-23) Erhan, Ianuș; Plotnic, OleseaThe traceability of a product and placing it on the domestic market directly depends on the performance of its duties by Customs. Thus, Customs has the right to decide, on the basis of customs control, especially physical and documentary control, if goods entering the Republic of Moldova and intended to be placed in free circulation, meet the conditions of quality and compliance. In this context, the legal and institutional framework shall create for Customs all necessary conditions to fully apply its competence in the field of consumers’ protection at the highest level.Item ROLUL ADMINISTRAŢIEI PUBLICE ÎN MECANISMUL DE PROTECŢIE A CONSUMATORILOR(Academia de Administrație Publică, 2014-05-23) Plotnic, OleseaThe great marority of the consummers, either don’t apply their legal rights or do not know the state bodies of the consumer or otherwise - do not appeal to address the public administration to claim their rights and to settle complaints about the damage inflicted. The need for consumer protection that has been damaged in direct or indirect contact with the trader, is even greater as the consumer’s position is less protected and more vulnerable facing a trader which has a team of lawyers behind him, correctly prepared or desk marketing consultants, for example, promoting products using incorrect trading practices.