Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item Metode alternative de soluţionare a litigiilor. Note de curs(Editura USM, 2025) Lazăr, Diana; Plotnic, OleseaMetode alternative de soluționare a litigiilor este o disciplină ce se predă la nivelde licență și de masterat, având ca obiect de studiu prezentarea succintă a metodelor alternative de soluționare a litigiilor, concentrându-se pe: negociere, mediere și arbitraj, relevanța lor în rezolvarea conflictelor; natura și dinamica conflictului, subliniind importanța recunoașterii și abordării eficiente a acestuia; principiile și particularitățile medierii, evidențiind caracteristicile unice și principiile de bază ale acestei metode; etapele și tehnicile implicate în procesul de mediere, oferind exemple practice și studii de caz relevante; rolul și nuanțele arbitrajului, evidențiind diferențele față de mediere și aplicabilitatea acestuia în soluționarea disputelor; aspectele deontologiei profesionale în aplicarea metodelor alternative de soluționare a litigiilor, subliniind importanța menținerii unor standarde etice ridicate; aplicarea acestor metode în contexte diverse, precum încălcări ale drepturilor omului sau soluționarea disputelor comerciale.Item Asigurarea dreptului la un mediu sănătos, inclusiv la aer curat prin reducerea poluanţilor atmosferici periculoşi pentru sănătatea umană(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Plotnic, Olesea; Zamfir, NataliaOn 28 July 2022, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly voted unanimously to declare the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment a universal right for all. Through this historic resolution, the UN General Assembly affirms that every inhabitant of the planet has the right to a healthy environment, including clean air, clean water and a stable climate. This resolution could empower citizens in many countries to use human rights law to challenge environmental inaction and harmful policies. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the alignment of national legislation with EU standards in ensuring the quality of atmospheric air to avoid negative impacts on human health. These measures include: developing the legal framework to achieve air quality levels by establishing national commitments to reduce anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), ammonia (NH₃), and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅); transposing Directive (EU) 2016/2284 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants; developing a national air pollution control program that will include political and legal measures to ensure the reduction of atmospheric pollutant emissions; and developing and reporting emission inventories, national emission forecasts, and informative inventory reports for atmospheric pollutants.Item Enhancing consumer rights through the integration of digital tools in the European public sphere(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Plotnic, OleseaEffective consumer protection policies are essential for the proper and efficient functioning of the single market. The European public sphere must ensure consumer rights vis- à-vis traders and provide enhanced protection by leveraging digital tools, particularly for consumers as vulnerable parties in contractual agreements. Robust consumer protection regulations can significantly improve market outcomes, contributing to fairer markets and higher quality information dissemination, which in turn supports better environmental and social market outcomes. Empowering consumers and safeguarding their safety and economic interests have become central objectives of EU policy. This paper aims to outline a series of progressive steps necessary for prioritizing consumer rights protection within any country’s economy. It offers an indepth analysis of the importance of digital tools in safeguarding consumer rights, examining effective consumer protection legislation, enforcement institutions, and redress systems. The study focuseson evaluating and comparing consumer protection norms within the legal framework, aiming to identify relevant digital tools for the European public sphere. Additionally, the research investigates the application of legal provisions in the context of measures taken by authorities in response to consumer rights violations, emphasizing the transition from traditional to digital tools for consumer rights empowerment. The paper concludes by identifying various informal digital consumer protection tools that, while not directly regulated by law, are rapidly evolving alongside technological advancements.Item European Union view on Personal Data in Intellectual Property Rights [Articol](2021) Cimil, Dorin; Plotnic, OleseaThe issue under investigation concerns whether personal data or personal information from the point of view of intellectual property constitutes as such a commodity or economic potential, which may be subject to alienation and registration as an object protected by the intellectual property system or represent a non-commercial object, without circulation in civil relations, with a special legal regime, connected to the fundamental human rights and freedoms. Recognition of personal data and other categories of information, related to the person (geolocation data, user-generated content) in terms of intellectual property rights as objects of civil rights, would allow the development of the data market, necessary for the functioning of innovative technologies on big data, cognitive calculations, the Internet of goods, and bringing these technologies into a legal and civilized field. The objective of the article is to appreciate whether personal data is subject to any intellectual property rights by the assessment of EU jurisprudence in line with national legal framework of the Republic of Moldova.Item Impact of force majeure on intellectual property contracts [Articol](2022) Plotnic, Olesea; Popescu, LuciaThe topicality of the subject is determined by the devastating economic effects of the events of the last two years that have affected the economy of the whole world, namely the pandemic with Covid 19 and most recently, the war in Ukraine. These effects are equally disruptive for intellectual property contracts when it is impossible to perform the obligation for the length of time the force majeure event exists, or the party shall engage in efforts to mitigate the effects of the force majeure event to perform the obligation under intellectual property contract. The research aims to clarify what circumstances or events could be considered force majeure, as well as the applicability of legal provisions in the context of measures undertaken by authorities in relation to events occurred. In addition, the performance of intellectual property contracts in force majeure circumstances will be addressed. Following the compared analysis of national legislations and practices, as well as different opinions and considerations of academia, the research reveals what circumstances could be considered a force majeure event, what are its particularities and impact on intellectual property contracts.Item Natura juridică a certificatului de moștenitor prin prisma legislației europene [Articol](2020) Plotnic, Olesea; Tălămbuță, AngelaIn this article we will examine the legal nature of the heir certificate, according to the new amendments to the right of inheritance in the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova, being adapted to EU Regulation no. 650/2012, on successions and on the creation of a European certificate of heir. Because the right of inheritance is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova (art. 46 para. (6)) (1), and the certificate of heir emphasizes this freedom of the heir, through this study we tried to make an analysis of the correlation between constitutional norms and the provisions of the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova, in order to establish the degree of realization of this constitutional guarantee passed through the prism of the various legal provisions that in practice may affect the realization of the right of inheritance.Item Principiul nondiscriminării pacientului în domeniul serviciilor medicale [Articol](CEP USM, 2020) Plotnic, Olesea; Ciochina, ElenaThis article explains, in general terms, the importance of the principle of non-discrimination within the health services, from the perspective of the current legislation of the Republic of Moldova, as well as of the recent legislative initiatives adopted at the level of the European Union. The premise of the research is to evaluate and capitalize on the issue under discussion from the field of medical ethics, analyzing in detail the valorisation of the legislative points in the non-discrimination of the vulnerable groups, relevant in the medical and health services. Building on this premise, the article analyzes the effects of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon and the changes made to the new human rights and non-discrimination standards, as well as the new generations of directives adopted following the Treaty of Amsterdam. prohibit discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age, sexual orientation or gender / gender. Beyond ensuring the principle of non-discrimination in legislation on healthcare reform and patient rights in access to medical services, the aricle provides an overview of the discrimination cases found by the National Council for Combating Discrimination.Item Protecția intereselor economice ale consumatorilor. Note de curs (în scheme)(CEP USM, 2020) Plotnic, OleseaScopul principal urmărit la elaborarea Notelor de curs în scheme este concretizat prin formarea şi dezoltarea următoarelor competențe profesionale: cunoaşterea conceptelor, teoriilor, paradigmelor şi a metodologiei din domeniul juridic; utilizarea cunoştințelor în culegerea datelor şi informațiilor referitoare la probleme concrete de drept; aplicarea legislației Republicii Moldova, a altor instrumente juridice europene şi internaționale; aplicarea tehnicilor şi instrumentelor specifice din domeniul juridic în soluționarea problemelor de ordin practic; exprimarea viziunilor proprii față de reglementări sau coliziuni de drept; utilizarea de tehnici, metode şi procedee în vederea formulării soluțiilor interpretative ale normelor juridice; formularea propunerilor în vederea perfecționării cadrului legal existent; îndeplinirea la termen, riguroasă şi responsabilă, în condiții de eficiență şi eficacitate, a sarcinilor profesionale, cu respectarea principiilor eticii juridice; utilizarea eficientă a resurselor de comunicare, a surselor de formare profesională asistată, atât în limba română, cât şi într-o limbă de circulație internațională.Item Considerații științifice cu privire subiecții sistemului de ocrotire a sănătății [Articol](CEP USM, 2020) Plotnic, Olesea; Ciochină, Elena; Mihalache, Iuliana-ClaudiaItem Dreptul proprietății intelectuale. Note de curs(CEP USM, 2021) Plotnic, Olesea; Crudu, Rodica; Mogol, Natalia; Cimil, DorinDreptul proprietății intelectuale constituie o disciplină la nivel de licență și de master, având ca obiect de studiu relațiile în domeniul apariției, utilizării și protecției obiectelor de proprietate intelectuală. Proprietatea intelectuală este un set de drepturi exclusive ale unui cetățean sau ale unei entități juridice asupra rezultatelor activității creative, intelectuale, precum și asupra mijloacelor de individualizare a persoanelor fizice și juridice, a produselor, a lucrărilor și a serviciilor (denumirea companiei, marca de produs, marca de serviciu etc.) echivalat cu acestea conform regimului juridic. Globalizarea comerțului şi intensificarea comerțului online impun schimbarea abordărilor privind supravegherea şi protecția proprietății intelectuale prin aplicarea eficientă a mecanismelor și a instrumentelor juridice și/sau economice.