Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item ENUNȚAREA JURIDICĂ A PRECEPTULUI SOLIDARITĂŢII SOCIALE CA PRINCIPIU FUNDAMENTAL AL CONSTITUŢIONALISMULUI(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Guceac, IonIn this article the doctrine of social solidarity is associated with the evolution of all the fundamental principles of constitutionalism. it is found that despite the consecration of this principle in some constitutions, this trend being motivated by a set of reasoning, its unmediated reflection has not yet acquired a widespread. Some constitutions proclaim solidarity as a universal general principle, goal or objective of society, the state and the constitution itself. Sometimes the principle of solidarity is formulated as one of the ideological foundations of the legal status of man and of the citizen. The principle of social solidarity is also mentioned in the constitutional regulation of social relations and institutions. Some constitutions declare solidarity as one of the aims of the educational system. Constitutions shall also grant, a remarkable importance of solidarity in the framework of the regulation of conditions for ensuring cultural identity Solidarity is also proclaimed in several constitutions as a principle of the foreign policy of the respective states, or as a principle of territorial administrative organization. Regarding the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, it is assessed that it does not operate with the notion of social solidarity and does not contain provisions to ensure such an important objective of society. in this situation, it is recommended to supplement the Constitution with rules on social solidarity and ways to ensure it. Finally, it is found that the primary task of the science of constitutional law is to design such a model of constitutionalism that has as major premise the dynamic development of a state capable of promoting peace and social cohesion as necessary conditions for the upward development of society.Item ECHITATEA SOCIALĂ – OBIECTIV PRIMORDIAL AL PARLAMENTULUI REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Guceac, Ion; Cuciurca, DoinaThis study describes several issues related to the role of parliaments in improving governance, particularly in public service delivery and poverty reduction. Drawing on functions of representation, lawmaking and control, parliaments are uniquely positioned to understand and control the impact of poverty and to serve as a bridge between government, the private sector and civil society. The role of Parliament in planning strategies to combat poverty, promoting active social participation in economic development, is highlighted. Parliamentarians can contribute to national efforts to reduce poverty by studying and highlighting the results of the fight against poverty, participating in the creation of a new initiative to eradicate it, and providing oversight during the implementation of government programs. As circumstances that attribute to parliaments the key role in combating poverty are mentioned: the representation of the electorate and its interests; adoption of current legislation to support development; parliamentary control over the activity of the executive - its effectiveness and responsiveness to the needs of members of society, especially the poor.Item ACTUALIZAREA REPERELOR NORMATIVE NAȚIONALE INERENTE STATULUI SOCIAL(CEP USM, 2024) Guceac, IonThe article describes some important aspects of the scientific and normative benchmarks of the welfare state. The opportunity of approaching this topic is determined not only by the absence of the concept of the social state as a legal category in the legal literature of the Republic of Moldova, but also by the need for normative enshrinement of favorable conditions for the full development of citizens’ personality, rights, and equal opportunities. In this context, it is noted that the imperative of the social state consists of goals and objectives that ensure, in fact, the welfare of people, peace and social equity, as well as guarantee the protection of human rights and freedoms and citizens. The social state can only be considered to be a state which ensures a robust social policy geared to securing the rights, freedoms, and interests of individuals. In recognition of the fact that in the Republic of Moldova, the formation of the social state is at an initial stage, it is proposed to develop a Concept of the Social State.Item OPORTUNITATEA DREPTULUI MEDICAL ŞI INTERNAŢIONAL CA RAMURĂ A DREPTULUI PUBLIC ŞI DE SPECIALITATE ŞTIINŢIFICĂ(2014) Mereuță, Roman; Guceac, Ion; Suceveanu, NataliaArticle addresses the need of founding national medical law in Moldova, as a branch of public law, given the urgent need to regulate relations in the field at national and interstate relations in medicine and health insurance, reports these levels, medical and social agreements in scientific domains, role of global organizations - ONU, OMS, AMM, UNICEF, UNESCO and others in health policy, human rights. The authors argue the necessity of determining scientific specialty “medical law” within the specialty “public rights”, “constitutional law”.Item CONGRUENȚA SOLIDARITĂȚ II SOCIALE CU RESPONSABILITATEA RECIPROCĂ A INDIVIDULUI ȘI A STATULUI(CEP USM, 2024) Guceac, IonThe present study starts from the undeniable assumption that society and the state as its highest form of organization cannot exist if the individuals who compose it are not held accountable for their actions. In this context, the thesis that the scope and guarantee of freedom are directly proportional to the depth and inviolability of the principles of social responsibility is further developed. New arguments are put forward in support of the idea that the extent of a person’s social freedom depends on the degree of responsibility of the individual. In a democratic society, the individual freely and independently determines his or her choices, and this possibility is the basis for responsibility, which finds legal expression and consolidation in the Constitution and the legislation in force, the extent and guarantee of freedom being directly proportional to the depth and inviolability of the principles of social responsibility. Finally, it is recommended that the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova be supplemented with rules on social solidarity and ways of ensuring it.Item DREPTURILE SOMATICE. CONCEPTE FUNDAMENTALE(CEP USM, 2023) Guceac, IonNecesitatea abordării acestui subiect este determinată, în mare măsură, de interesul modest al oamenilor de știință moldoveni pentru drepturile somatice. O dificultate este și absența prevederilor dedicate acestor drepturi în conținutul legislației naționale. În aceste împrejurări, noutatea subiectului abordat este evidentă, mai ales pentru spațiul local de cercetare în domeniul științelor juridice. În acest context, relevăm necesitatea succesiunii de la studiul fragmentar la o analiză cuprinzătoare și fundamentală a problematicii drepturilor somatice, pentru identificarea nu numai a soluțiilor științifice, ci și a celor normative.Item ASIGURAREA OBLIGATORIE DE ASISTENȚĂ MEDICALĂ – MECANISM DE GARANTARE A DREPTULUI FUNDAMENTAL LA OCROTIREA SĂNĂTĂȚII(Bălți, 2022-10-19) Guceac, IonThe way the health of the population is protected has a direct influence on the development of a state in all its dimensions. Health care ensures that the primary needs of man to be healthy and society to have a healthy population are met. Before launching any scientific debate on the legal content of the notion of the fundamental right to health care, we must understand and appreciate the inestimable importance of human health. As Hippocrates, the most famous physician of ancient Greece, said, "Health is a treasure that few know how to appreciate, although almost all are born with it."Item CONCEPTUL ORDINII SOCIALE ÎN FORMULA PARADIGMATICĂ(2021) Guceac, IonPrezentul studiu este orientat spre trecerea în revistă a opiniilor exprim,ate în doctrina juridică dar și în alte doemnii științifice cu privire la ordinea socială și diversitatea planurilor de manifestare a acesteia, dar și de a genera noi abordări conceptuale a problematicii din acest domeniu. Necesitatea unui astfel de studiu este determinată și de multitudinea noțiunilor utilizate în context cu acest fenomen dar și de necesitatea identificării limitelor acestui fenomen, natura acestora manifestată în spațiu și în timp. Studiul nu urmărește sarcina proiectării unui model de ordine social, având, însă, ca finalitate interpretarea unor probleme teoretice specifice componentelor funcționale ale ordinii ca factor de stabilitate socială. În final se constată că procesul de instituire și menținere a ordinii sociale, trebuie să fie orientat spre atingerea unor obiective importante, cum ar fi: asigurarea păcii și echității sociale; protejarea cetățenilor împotriva oricăror încălcări ale drepturilor și intereselor legitime; crearea condițiilor necesare pentru menținerea unui stil de viață decentă etc.Item ETAPELE FORMĂRII LEGISLAŢIEI ECOLOGICE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA: ASPECTE ISTORICE(2007) Guceac, Ion; Ursu, VictorIt is also an axiom that ecology is considered not only as a science, doctrine or concept, but also a very old law source, since it is the law that led relations between human and environment. Norms that are regulating human-nature relations have their sources in different old texts. These texts referred to national protection and appropriation of hunting, fishing, fire protection, and collective protection against natural phenomena. Thus, the old Moldavian law contained a number of rules and institutions concerning average protection of such factors as forest, water, soil, hunting, fishing, etc. In this work the authors will try to systematize formation periods of ecological law in Republic of Moldova, classifying it in three stages. Concomitantly, one tries to analyze these stages in different periods of time, and developing level of ecological legislation.Item ORIGINEA ŞI DIMENSIUNEA CONCEPTULUI „CONTRACT ADMINISTRATIV”(2008) Guceac, Ion; Balmuș, VictorThe theory of the administrative contract, which was widely spread in all the states of the world, developed in the USSR, including the beginning of the XXth century and the inter-war period, and in the East European states up to the installation of the “democratic popular regimes”, then, it stagnated not being supported officially. Only after the changes in the governing of the 1960th of and under the influence of scientific publications of researchers in administrative law of the East European states, in the USSR there were published some results of scientific research in the field.