Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law

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Author: search.filters.author.Arapu, Elena

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    Implicațiile căsătoriei putative asupra intereselor patrimoniale ale soțului de bună-credință
    (CEP USM, 2024) Arapu, Elena
    Starea civilă a persoanei poate influența regimul juridic al bunurilor pe care aceasta le are în proprietate. În timp ce încheierea căsătoriei, de regulă, determină instituirea regimului legal al comunității de bunuri, desfacerea acesteia determină încetarea lui, cu efecte pentru viitor din momentul rămânerii definitive a hotărârii judecătorești. Declararea nulității căsătoriei, însă, are efect retroactiv, din momentul încheierii căsătoriei, fapt care impune necesitatea protejării soțului/soților de bună-credință. Voința legiuitorului din mai multe state de a proteja soțul de bună-credință de consecințele grave ale nulității căsătoriei s-a materializat prin reglementarea în fapt a căsătoriei putative.
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    RESPECTAREA PRINCIPIULUI DE BUNĂ-CREDINȚĂ ÎN CONTEXTUL DIGITALIZĂRII ACTELOR JURIDICE
    (CEP USM, 2024) Arapu, Elena
    Civil relations are in constant development, and laws are required to meet the challenges of providing a constant current regulation of them. The need for digitization of civil legal documents, conditioned by the current stage of development of civil legal relations, determined the operation of some important changes within the civil legislation. In general, any modernization brought to the legislative framework does not affect the applicable fundamental principles at the concept level, as long as they are not in contradiction with the new trends in the development of society. In the same way, the principle of good faith, through the modernizations brought to the Civil Code didn’t undergo conceptual changes, new norms are aimed to strengthen the importance of the principle and raise its degree of applicability to another level. The obligation to respect the principle of good faith by the participants in civil legal relations inevitably remains valid, but the necessary requirements to be met in order to correspond to the behavior of the standard are of course to be adapted. The change in the circumstances of the conclusion of legal acts, such as the situation of contracts concluded at a distance, requires the introduction of certain additional protection measures for the contracting parties, and their observance exactly outlines a behavior assimilated to a good faith co-contractor.
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    BUNA-CREDINȚĂ ȘI REAUA-CREDINȚĂ . DELIMITĂRI CONCEPTUALE
    (CEP USM, 2024) Arapu, Elena
    The present article focuses its attention on defining, analyzing and delimiting two antithetical concepts: the good-faith and the bad-faith, both of which have a special theoretical, but also practical importance. The analysis of good faith, without the analysis of bad faith is a research error, and finally, can lead to obtaining an incomplete study. The importance of researching both the concept of good faith and the concept of bad faith is less felt when the conditions for applying good faith are met, and rather difficult if they are not met, at least partially, or in this case the question naturally arises - if good faith is not present, then what is? Bad faith? This question would be only a first argument in support of the study in question, but of course, the research process regarding the delimitation of these two concepts, highlights other aspects that are not to be neglected.
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    IMPLICAȚIILE BUNEI-CREDINȚE ÎN CADRUL ACȚIUNII REVOCATORII
    (CEP USM, 2023) Baieș, Sergiu; Arapu, Elena
    Orice comportament al subiecților participanți la raporturile juridice civile manifestat în tandem cu principiul bunei-credințe, duce spre asigurarea unei vieți juridice eficiente și echitabile. Dimpotrivă, abaterea acestora de la standardul de conduită stabilit de legiuitor prin sfidarea principiului de bună-credință, duce la o minimalizare a posibilităților de exercitare corespunzătoare a drepturilor civile. Impactul respectiv fiind determinat de greutatea principiului bunei-credințe în dreptul privat. Este natural ca fiecare persoană să se îngrijească, în primul rând, de propriul interes egoist. Totuși, în raporturile juridice civile acest egoism poate împinge persoana ținută să execute o obligație (debitorul), să încalce standardul de conduită de bună-credință, dintr-o temere disperată de eșec sau din dorința de a evita o daună patrimonială. Evident, un asemenea scenariu prezintă consecințe negative pentru persoana îndreptățită să primească executarea obligației (creditorul).
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    NOȚIUNEA DE BUNĂ-CREDINȚĂ ÎN CODUL CIVIL MODERNIZAT
    (CEP USM, 2020) Arapu, Elena
    The present study aims to analyze the notion of good faith starting from the definition contained in the modernized Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova. The comments included in the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR), which consti- tuted one of the sources of inspiration for the legislator when elaborating the current modifications. Although laws have the purpose of regulating rather than defining, it is recommended even from the point of view of the legislative technique to avoid the abun- dance of definitions, classifications, exhaustive listings, which, on the one hand, make them more difficult as content but on the other hand, there is the risk of omitting certain aspects, however, as regards good faith, the norm contained in art. 11 par. (1) modernized Civil Code is more than a norm ̶ definition, it is a norm that highlights all the attributes of good faith, without whose knowledge the application of the principle becomes cumber- some. The specificity of the concept of good faith is determined by its complexity and by the multitude of institutions with which it tangents, thus justifying its definition, a fact also sustained in the DCFR comments, in which it is mentioned [1, p.136] that it is useful to define the good -belief at an early stage, given that many of the following model rules refer to it. Indeed, the elucidation of the particularities of the concept by a general norm, conditions the proper application of the subsequent norms related to the first.
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    ADMINISTRAREA CU BUNĂ-CREDINȚĂ A BUNURILOR MINORILOR DE CĂTRE REPREZENTANȚII LOR LEGALI
    (CEP USM, 2022-09-30) Arapu, Elena
    The state guarantees the property right to all its holders. And if the owners of the property right are minors, practice has shown that for an effective guarantee of their property some specific guarantees are imminent to be implemented. And this is because, according to the civil legislation, the ability to be the owner of civil rights and obligations (the capacity to use) appears at the time of the person's birth, and the exercise capacity of the person, the ability to acquire by one's own act and to exercise civil rights, to personally assume civil obligations and to execute them, begins at the age of majority, i.e. at the age of 18, therefore the legal representatives are the ones who are responsible for the administration of the assets of minors under the law. Of course, when children come of age, they can ask their parents to account for their actions, but sometimes the restoration of violated rights is difficult or impossible, therefore establishing certain limits to restrict the parents' imagination in using children in different scenarios to achieve certain personal goals was imminent.
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    IMPORTANŢA BUNEI-CREDINŢE ÎN DREPTUL DE PROPRIETATE
    (CEP USM, 2021) Arapu, Elena
    The present research proposes to focus on the aspects that determine the importance of good faith concept in property right, starting from its importance in the civil law in general and finalized by identifying the particular incidents within the acquisition institutions and exercise of the property right. Considering the existing legislative, doctrinal and judicial practice based on pre-modernized Civil law the task is not an easy one, , also taking in consideration the complexity of the concept under analysis.
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    ABUZUL DE DREPT ̶ O EXERCITARE A DREPTULUI CONTRAR BUNEI-CREDINȚE
    (CEP USM, 2022) Arapu, Elena
    Drepturile subiective civile sunt concepute în vederea conferirii titularului său a unor prerogative care constau în a acţiona într-un mod anumit şi a pretinde o conduită anumită din partea celorlalți subiecți ai raportului juridic civil, apelând, la necesitate, la forţa de constrângere a statului. Însă, exercitarea lor este condiționată de buna-credință, de lege, contract, ordine publică și de bunele moravuri. Istoria umanității demonstrează, însă, că tentația de exercitare a drepturilor subiective civile cu depășirea acestor limite este de neînvins în cazul în care, preamărind interesul personal, titularii de drepturi subiective civile sunt dispuși să sfideze interesul urmărit de legiuitor. Or, prin aceasta, sfidând însuși spiritul legii. Analiza abuzului de drept este incompatibilă cu ocolirea conceptului de bună-credință, întrucât abuzul de drept constituie o formă particulară de încălcare a principiului bunei-credințe, iar sursa declanșării sistemului sancționator al abuzului de drept îl constituie însăși încălcarea principiului bunei-credințe.