Institutul de Istorie

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    Poland’s perspective on anglo-french security arrangements for Romania (april-august 1939)
    (CEP USM, 2024) Țurcanu, Mihai
    The study analyzes the diplomatic dynamics surrounding Romanian-Polish relations and British-French guarantees to Romania in 1939, as Europe approached World War II. Poland was hesitant to include Romania in the broader Anglo-French security architecture, fearing this might push Hungary further into Germany’s sphere of influence. Despite British and French efforts to forge a stronger military alliance between Poland and Romania, these initiatives largely failed. Poland’s foreign minister, Józef Beck, argued against formal security guarantees for Romania, citing concerns about maintaining good relations with Hungary and the weakness of Romania’s military. Additionally, Beck believed that Poland did not need to be bound by additional obligations, as its focus was on its own security. Romanian officials, led by Foreign Minister Grigore Gafencu, initially supported a westward reorientation of their alliance but hesitated to provoke Germany. Despite discussions about transforming the Romanian-Polish alliance into a broader defense pact against all aggressors (erga omnes), no concrete actions were taken. Both Romania and Poland were reluctant to commit to mutual defense against Germany, leading to the collapse of Western efforts to establish a stronger security framework in Eastern Europe. The failure to implement this strategy contributed to the vulnerabilities both nations faced in the early stages of the war.
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    ASPECTE ISTORIOGRAFICE CU PRIVIRE LA FORMAREA ȘI EVOLUȚIA RASSM
    (Bons Offices, 2024) Burlacu, Valentin
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    INVESTIGAREA STRUCTURALĂ A CONCEPTELOR LEGISLAȚIEI INSTRUCTIVE PRIMARE DIN BASARABIA ÎN ANII ′70 - ′80 AI SEC. AL XIX-lea. REZULTATE STATISTICE
    (CEP USM, 2024) Ețco, Diana
    As a result of the reforms promoted in all spheres of activity of the Russian state, including education, during the last two decades of the 19th century, the situation changed radically. Therefore, both the number of educational institutions and the school contingent enrolled in studies has increased considerably. In 1890, in Bessarabia, 403 village public schools were operating, within which a school contingent of 31,324 students was trained. Overall, 620 primary education institutions operated in the region, with a school contingent of 38,301 students. From the total number of schools, indicated above, 596 educational institutions, including - 101 heads, were subordinated to the Ministry of Public Education (13, p.14). Towards the end of the eighth decade of the 19th century, the table of figures, which illustrated the situation in Bessarabian public education, changed radically. Jewish schools already accounted for only 17% of the total ministerial public educational institutions (and not - 75%, as it was previously), although their number remained practically unchanged, the decrease was achieved due to the establishment of a considerable contingent of new public village schools, which were meant to train the Bessarabian rural population. Therefore, the positive impact of the education reforms was substantiated by the 68%, which belonged to village schools, from the total number of school units, subordinated to the Ministry of Public Instruction
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    PROBLEMA BOLGRADULUI ÎN DOCUMENTE DIPLOMATICE BELGIENE (1856)
    (CEP USM, 2024) Sclifos, Eugen-Tudor
    The article traces Belgium attitude towards the Bolgrad question. The reports of the belgian ambassador in Vienna show the contradictions between the Great Powers in the issue of tracing of the Bessarabian border. France supported the Russian claim to keep Bolgrad, Great Britain and Austria opposed it. Belgium was proposing that the Emperor of Belgium be the moderator of the dispute over the city of Bolgrad.
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    CONCESIUNILE – INSTRUMENT DE VALORIFICARE A DOMENIILOR STATULUI ÎN BASARABIA (1812-1863)
    (CEP USM, 2024) Emilciuc, Andrei
    In this article we analyze the particularities of the capitalization of state domains in Bessarabia through the concession of potential sources of income to private entrepreneurs. Studying the archival documentary sources allowed us to conclude that the concessions represented for the Russian government the main tool for the valorization of its domains in Bessarabia from its annexation to the empire in 1812 and until the beginning of the 1860s. The active involvement of entrepreneurs in the economic organization of the province – by expanding the system of concessions,freed the Russian state from the burden of paying numerous new officials and guaranteed the receipt of expected revenues without any additional institutional expenses. The negative impact of concessions was their gradual monopolization by entrepreneurs from outside the province. As a result, entrepreneurs from Bessarabia were deprived of an important source of primary capital accumulation, while the province – of serious investments from the concessionaires.
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    REGELE SIGISMUND AL III-LEA WAZA ŞI ÎNCEPUTUL DOMNIEI ÎN RZECZPOSPOLITA
    (CEP USM, 2024) Constantinov, Valentin
    At the end of the 80s of the 16th century, a new change occurred at the top level in Rzeczpospolita. The new king, Sigismund III Waza, a Swedish prince, became king of Poland in 1587. He faced the political realities established here with the union of Lublin in 1567. At the time of ascending the throne, each king had to accept the conditions established back in the moment when Henric Valois ascended the throne. Thus, the plans he had regarding a new administration, Sigismund III had to take into account these realities in which the main role belonged to the Seim. This duality of power will be reinforced by Zebrzydowski’s rokosz. The Polish political system will be of great importance in the unfolding of events in central and eastern Europe, including Moldova.
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