Institute de Cercetare / Research Institutes
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Item Simbioza securitară şi interesele repubilcii moldova în perspectiva extinderii UE [Articol](2025) Sprincean, SergheiThe necessity to focus on the states of Eastern Europe, including the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine, for creation of a knowledge-based society is justified by the need to resolve first the biggest discrepancies and the most serious deviations from ensuring human security, especially appeared as a result of the continuation of the war launched by Russia against Ukraine in February 2022. More especially this concern for the strengthening of personal safety and human security will become actual for entire EU but especially in Eastern Europe in the context of the effort of the entire community of Western states to restore all spheres of social life in Ukraine and in its neighboring countries in the post- war period. The renewed society as to be grounded on such objectives as improving assuring security symbiosis, environmental sustainability while simultaneously achieving social, political and economic benefits.Item Repere istoriografice asupra cercetărilor condițiilor și resurselor naturale ale regiunii de sud a Republicii Moldova(CEP USM, 2024) Revenco, AdelinaUn rol important în evoluția economică a statelor sau regiunilor lumii îl au politicile de dezvoltare elaborate la nivel statal sau regional. Calitatea acestora depinde în mare măsură de suportul științific pus la dispoziția experților. Republica Moldova a adoptat legea cu privire la dezvoltarea regională și ca urmare a fost divizată în șase unități administrative. La etapa actuală se constată o creștere economică neuniformă a acestora. Pentru a asigura evoluția economică a tuturor regiunilor de dezvoltare, sunt necesare cercetări fundamentale ale factorilor ce influențează sporirea eficienței economice. Prezenta cercetare vine să identifice lucrările care au vizat dezvoltarea regională a Republicii Moldova, aspecte ale condițiilor fizicogeografice și a gradului de asigurare cu resurse naturale, etc. în scopul identificării domeniilor mai slab cercetate și creșterii nivelului de asigurare cu suport informațional al structurilor administrative de nivel I și II din Republică.Item Particularitățile biologice ale speciei scutellaria baicalensis în condițiile Republicii Moldova(CEP USM, 2024) Ciocârlan, NinaLucrarea se referă la studiul particularităților biologice ale speciei medicinale Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (scutelarie chinezească) în condițiile pedoclimatice ale Republicii Moldova. Sunt prezentate încadrarea sistematică, descrierea botanică și informații despre proprietățile și beneficiile terapeutice. Au fost evaluați indicii de calitate a semințelor, aspectele fenologice și procedeele de înmulțire. Condițiile locale de climă și sol sunt favorabile pentru creșterea și dezvoltarea plantelor de S. baicalensis. Începând cu primul an de viață plantele reușesc să realizeze toate fazele fenologice, iar perioada generativă culminează cu formarea semințelor viabile. Semințele cu o perioadă de păstrare de 6-12 luni au cea mai înaltă capacitate germinativă (93,4±0.88%) și energie de germinare de 79.0±2.07%. Se recomandă înmulțirea plantelor pe cale generativă, prin semințe, cu producere de răsad sau semănate direct în câmp, primăvara.Item Сезонный мониторинг инвазивного вида halyomorpha halys stal. на декоративных растениях в условиях Республики Молдова(CEP USM, 2024) Заватин, Мария; Русу, Юлиана; Настас, ТудорМраморный клоп Halyomorpha halys Stal является одним из наиболее агрессивных инвазивных видов насекомых, представляющих серьёзную угрозу для сельскохозяйственных культур и декоративных растений в Европе и Северной Америке. В последние 5 лет он активно распространяется и на территории Республики Молдова, нанося ущерб как сельскому хозяйству, так и декоративным насаждениям. В рамках данного исследования был проведён сезонный мониторинг Halyomorpha halys на декоративных растениях. Основное внимание уделялось визуальному осмотру растений, таких как сирень (Syringa spp.) и айлант (Ailanthus altissima Mill), которые являются потенциальными хозяевами для этого вида. Регулярные осмотры растений выявляли имаго, нимф и яйцекладки, а также отслеживалась динамика численности в течение вегетационного периода. На сирени в июне-июле преобладали имаго, а с августа по сентябрь, в период развития III поколения и созревания семян, наблюдалось увеличение численности нимф. На айланте в первой декаде августа преобладали имаго (до 12 особей на одну ветку), тогда как во второй и третьей декаде августа доминировали нимфы всех возрастов.Item Modul de atac al Zeuzera pyrina și impactul său devastator asupra pomilor din livezi(CEP USM, 2024) Fron, ArcadieThe walnut orchard industry in the Republic of Moldova faces significant threats from the pest Zeuzera pyrina, which can drastically reduce crop yield and quality. This study investigates the monitoring and management of this pest in a 1.5 hectare walnut orchard, analyzing its impact on tree health and developing effective control methods. Population monitoring was conducted using pheromone traps and visual inspections, revealing significant fluctuations influenced by weather conditions. Z. pyrina poses a considerable risk by damaging the tree structure. The study emphasizes the necessity of integrated pest management, combining biological and chemical methods to mitigate infestations. Future research should focus on developing localized control strategies and fostering collaboration between researchers, farmers, and authorities to ensure the sustainability and productivity of walnut crops.Item Corupția în Republica Moldova: provocări și soluții în contextul integrării europene(Editura USM, 2024) Cemortan, DanielCorruption in the Republic of Moldova represents a major obstacle to economic and social development, negatively affecting the functioning of public institutions and citizens' trust in them. Although the fight against corruption is very useful for the European Integration process, it is difficult because of the deepening of the phenomenon in governance structures and social mentality. In order to effectively fight corruption, it is necessary to apply rigorous policies inspired by successful European practices and to tighten anti-corruption legislation. Increasing salaries and offering favorable economic conditions can reduce the attempt to commit acts of corruption among public officials. The European integration of the Republic of Moldova depends on the success in the fight against corruption and the promotion of deep reforms to strengthen the rule of law. Due to the active involvement of civil society and independent media, they play an important role in strengthening democracy by exposing corrupt practices and by constantly putting pressure on the authorities to act transparently and responsibly. These entities function as a check and balance mechanism, ensuring that abuses of power are brought to public attention and that those responsible are held accountable, which con-tributes to the creation of a fairer political environment and the advancement of the European Integration process.Item Armonizarea legislației anticorupționale ale republicii moldova la standardele europene – element cheie întru asigurarea securității naționale(Editura USM, 2024) Guștiuc, LudmilaThe harmonization of anti-corruption legislation to European standards is a multidimentional process, involving several legal aspects. These aspects reflect the complexity of the harmonization process to the European Union standards and underline theneed for a sustained and coordinated effort both at the national and at the European level. The harmonization of anti-corruption legislation is crucial for ensuringt national security, as it con-tributes to the stability and integrity of public institutions, ensures efficient management of resources, protects infrastructure and promotes a stable and secure economic and social environment.Item Efectele criminalității cibernetice asupra securității naționale a Republicii Moldova(Editura USM, 2024) Bencheci, Marcel; Panfilii, Nicolae; Hîrbu-Bencheci, DianaEnsuring the informational security and cyber protection of the Republic of Moldova is a state obligation. The situation that has arisen recently in the post-Soviet space, including audiovisual informational re-sources from the Russian Federation, has begun to have a particularly negative impact on the observance of human rights, state security, and the consolidation of the status of a sovereign, independent, and integral state. The effects of cybercrime on national security derive from the way technology is used by hostile elements and malicious individuals. Currently, cybercrime is no longer significant beyond the fields of IT risk management and law enforcement.Item Unele aspecte privind respectarea citării legale în cazul încheierilor de înlăturare a neajunsurilor în contencios administrativ(Editura USM, 2024) Chiper, NataliaAlong with the development of information technologies, the needs of society also change, and the integration of information technologies in the field of justice not only meets the modern needs of society, but also contributes to increasing the efficiency, accessibility and transparency of the legal system. Rapid and well-planned adaptation to these changes is essential to ensure a fair and efficient justice system in the digital age, provided that the normative base is also adapted in parallel. Thus, a more fragile aspect, arising from the period of the digital era that we are witnessing, is the compliance with the legal summons in administrative litigation taking into account the legal provisions, in particular we are referring to CA RM, which, at the moment, requires clarity, changes, additions or the development of a complex legal mechanism where emphasis was placed not only on the role of the court, but also on other actors who directly participate in the process of legal summons, such as Moldovan Post and public authorities.Item Implementation of human capital in sustainable development of the institutional component of the legal system of the Republic of Moldova(Editura USM, 2024) Chuvalnikova, AnnaThe sustainable development of the institutional component of the legal system of Moldova is considered in the article as a strategic task of improving the legal institutions of the republic, conditioned by the most acute social demands of the country's population, which simultaneously needs both «development» and «stability» of all spheres of society. The subject of analysis in the article are the most general and universal pat-terns of implementation of human capital in the work of the institutional component of the legal system of society, which are equally valid for the legal system of Moldova and for the legal system of any other state. Based on the theoretical analysis presented in the work, the author establishes the place of the concept of human capital in the system of related categories of legal science; defines implementation as a necessary condition for the effective use of human capital in the work of the internal mechanism of the legal system; identifies the forms and most general principles of the implementation of human capital in the sustainable development of the institutional component of the legal system.