Institute de Cercetare / Research Institutes
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Item Variabilitatea fenotipică a caracterelor valoroase la grâul durum și triticale [Articol](CEP USM, 2025) Rotari, Silvia; Leatamborg, SvetlanaÎn lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele studiului a 10 linii de grâu durum de toamnă și 10 linii de triticale de toamnă din câmpul de control. Genotipurile au fost cercetate pe baza unor caractere importante morfobiologice și de productivitate (înălțimea plantei, numărul de tulpini, lungimea spicului, numărul de spiculețe și numărul de boabe per spic, greutatea boabelor per spic șu masa a 1000 boabe). Analiza caracterelor morfologice și a productivității, a evidențiat o variabilitate înaltă în ceea ce privește numărul de frați, numărul de boabe și greutatea lor, ce ne oferă posibilități de selectare a genotipurilor valoroase. În rezultatul cercetărilor au fost identificate și selectate genotipuri utile care s-au utilizat în hibridări ca genitori de caractere valoroase. În baza acestor genotipuri au fost obținuți 40 hibrizi intraspecifici reciproci, care vor fi studiați în generațiile F1-F4.Item Influența fungului Drechslera biseptata (sacc. & roum.) asupra variabilității transgresive la grâul comun [Articol](CEP USM, 2025) Lupașcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Sașco, Elena; Mihnea, NadejdaFungul Drechslera biseptata influențează organele de creștere și dezvoltare (germinație, radiculă embrionară, tulpiniță) ale grâului comun de toamnă, în cea mai mare parte prin inhibarea acestora, ceea ce se reflectă asupra indicelui de vigoare a plantulelor. Acțiunea patogenului și orientarea încrucișării la formarea hibrizilor F1 se reflectă asupra structurii fenotipice și ratei transgresiilor pozitive în populațiile segregante F2 în ceea ce privește organele de creștere. Datele obținute semnifică rolul important al acțiunilor complementare pozitive ale genelor la formarea caracterului de rezistență a grâului comun la patogen. Au fost indentificate combinații de grâu cu grad și frecvență înaltă a transgresiilor pozitive pentru cel mai sensibil organ la acțiunea patogenului – radicula embrionară.Item Rolul variabilității genetice în interacțiunea grâului cu Alternaria alternata(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, SvetlanaThe article presents data on the reaction of 10 common winter wheat genotypes to culture filtrates of Alternaria alternata isolates. Through factorial analysis, the role of wheat genotype (42.2 ... 51.1%) in the source of variation in radicle length, stem length, seedling length was found. The A. alternata isolate factor presented a higher weight for germination (48.9%) and vigor index (49.0%). The association of the high level of the coefficient of heritability with the advanced genetic progress shows that in the control of growth and development characters additive factors are involved.Item Variabilitatea atacului bolilor foliare la forme de perspectivă de grâu comun(CEP USM, 2024) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, GalinaThe aim of the present research was to establish the attack characteristics of foliar diseases (septoriosis, brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew) in 25 prospective genotypes of common winter wheat in years with different climatic conditions (2023, 2024). It was found: i) the strong dependence of the disease of wheat plants on climatic factors (the intensity of yellow rust in 2023 and of powdery mildew in 2024); ii) significant variability in susceptibility of wheat populations / genotypes. Common winter wheat populations/lines with reduced complex disease susceptibility have been identified, that can be implemented in breeding programs.Item Funcționalitatea gametofitului mascul la descendenții plantelor de tomate reinfectate cu virusuri(CEP USM, 2024) Saltanovici, Tatiana; Andronic, Larisa; Antoci, LudmilaThe article discusses the functionality of the male gametophyte in tomato offspring obtained from plants reinfected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Tomato Aspermy Virus. It was established that the plants from experimental variants showed specific responses associated with the change of the male gametophyte activity, that allows to the identification of resistant genotypes based on the established variability. According to the results of the ANOVA test, the variability of the pollen viability was primarily influenced by the genotype, which is important for the elucidation of the genetic basis of the reinfected genotypes and their descendants, as well as for breeding works. Genotypes that showed a high level of functionality of the male gametophyte under optimal and stressful conditions were highlighted, which allows their use in further research.Item Traits of tomato male gametophyte as a criterion for selection of breeding valuable forms at early stages of ontogenesis(CEP USM, 2024) Makovei, MilaniaIn vitro assessment of pollen qualitative traits affecting reproductive and other functions of tomato plants was carried out, including under the influence of a high-temperature stress factor in multimarker lines and F1 hybrids obtained on their basis. The F1 hybrids and lines are characterized by morphological traits of pollen. It was revealed that the morphological heterogeneity of pollen grains in the F1 hybrid Rozamak is associated with the dominant inheritance of the ls gene from the maternal form. It has been shown that the processes of pollen germination and pollen tube growth under in vitro conditions in both freshly collected and heat-treated F1 hybrids occur synchronously and in a shorter period (1-2 hours) than in their parental lines.Item ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВНУТРИПОПУЛЯЦИОННОЙ ГЕНОТИПИЧЕСКОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ У ТОМАТА ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ДЛЯ ОПЫЛЕНИЯ ТЕРМООБРАБОТАННОЙ ПЫЛЬЦЫ(CEP USM, 2024) Маковей, МиланияThe paper presents the results of studying the effect of tomato pollen heat-treated at 45°C for 8 hours on the degree of genotypic variability in heterogeneous F1, F2, F3 populations obtained by direct and reciprocal crosses. Intra- and interpopulation periodic selections on a complex of traits of male gametophyte (viability, pollen heat resistance, pollen tube length and pollen tube length resistance) are used. It has been shown that cyclic three-fold pollination of the best genotypes (P1 x P2 - F1 x A - F1 x B and F2 x A - F2 x B) with preheated pollen increases the probability of combination of desirable genes influencing the resistance of genotypes in populations and can be used to improve parental forms, obtain new resistant genotypes, as well as to increase the effect of heterosis in F1 hybrids to high-temperature stress.Item STUDII ALE VARIABILITĂȚII ȘI HERITABILITĂȚII CARACTERELOR DE PRODUCTIVITATE ȘI CALITATE LA GRÂUL COMUN(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, Nicolae; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, AlaThe article presents the results of the genetic-environmental control study of the productivity elements of the common autumn wheat spike (7 genotypes during the years 2020-2022). The objects of the work: i) recording the elements of productivity; ii) establishing the weight (%) of the year, genotype, year x genotype interaction factors of in the source of variability character; iii) calculation of genetic parameters of variability and heritability, heritability coefficient; iv) determination of the biochemical quality of wheat grains. Research methods: biometric, biochemical, mathematical, statistical. Results obtained - the particularities were established: i) variability, heritability, the factorial weight of the conditions of the year and the wheat genotype in the source of variation of the productivity elements of the spike; ii) heritability and genetic advance; iii) the content of proteins, wet gluten, dry gluten, carbohydrates in grains during the years of study.Item Ariabilitatea productivităţii la somaclonele SC1-SC2 de triticale obţinute prin cultura in vitro şi iradierii cu raze gama(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Ciobanu, RenataAs a result of research on the influence of in vitro culture and gamma radiation on the expression of traits such as the number of grains per ear, grain weight, and the mass of 1000 grains, significant variation in the values of the coefficient of variation was observed in somaclones from three generations of triticale. Both in vitro culture and radiation caused changes in the coefficient of variation of quantitative traits in the studied genotypes, compared to the control. Maximum effect is induced by gamma radiation in the first generation (SC1) for all traits, with a substantial decrease in the third generation (SC3). The factors studied represent a significant source of variation, with the influence being intensified by the specific characteristics of the genotype.