2. Articole

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    EVALUAREA SOLURILOR CENUȘII DE PĂDURE ÎN CONTEXTUL SCHIMBĂRII FACTORILOR PEDOGENETICI CONDIȚIONATE DE IMPACTUL FACTORULUI ANTROPIC
    (CEP USM, 2024) Lungu, Marina
    The study examines the evolution of gray forest soils in Central Moldova’s Codri region under conditions following deforestation for arable use. It compares soils under natural forest with 100-year-old arable soils and soils previously used in agriculture and subsequently transformed under steppe conditions. Agricultural conversion merged forest soil horizons (AEhț, AEh, BEhtw), resulting in reduced humus content and illuvial-eluvial processes, reduced soil resistance to compaction, leading to soil’s physical structure degradation and soil compaction. In conclusion, arable gray soils require soil management to increase organic matter, reduce soil acidity and improve physical properties in the plow layer to optimize crop growth.
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    AN APPROACH TO ESTIMATION OF SOIL ERODIBILITY FOR IALPUG RIVER BASIN (REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA)
    (CEP USM, 2024) Crivova, Olga; Sirodoev, Ghennadi; Overcenco, Aureliu
    Erodibility (k-factor) as a part of the Revised Universal Soil Equation Model (RUSLE) was estimated for a case-study area (Ialpug River Basin), quantifying the capacity of various soil types to withstand the detachment of its particles and their consequent transport. World Reference Database of Soil Resources classification was used. GIS tools of soil’s erodibility were used, and the distribution of soil taxa and various erosion degrees for it was analyzed. K-factor varies from 0.135888 (Antrosols) till 0.496222 ton·ha·h/ha·MJ·mm (Calcic Chernozems). Both pedological and geological approaches were applied (for active landscapes). The choropleth method of cartography was used to present the classes of resulting erodibility k.
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    ASPECTE PRIVIND TENDINȚELE TEMPERATURILOR MINIME LA SOL – BAZINUL HIDROGRAFIC IALPUG
    (CEP USM, 2024) Botnari, Aliona; Chiriac, Ioana
    Temperatura este cel mai important parametru meteoclimatic ce se utilizează în toate caracterizările, asupra timpului. Indicele de temperatură minimă este relevant pentru sănătatea umană, agricultură și biodiversitate. Aceasta indică temperatura celei mai reci zile a unei perioade, de obicei a anului, dar și într-un anumit sezon sau lună. Acest indice face parte din tipul de pericol de frig și îngheț al categoriei de căldură și frig a clasificării. Analiza regimului temporal a temperaturii minime la suprafața solului în partea de Sud a Republicii Moldova în perioada de primăvară și toamnă au fost analizate utilizând șirurile de date climatologice a minimelor zilnice ale temperaturii aerului la suprafața solului pentru primăvara (martie, aprilie, mai) și toamna (septembrie, octombrie, noiembrie) înregistrate la 3 stații meteorologice (amplasate în nemijlocita apropiere a bazinului Ialpug) în perioada 1994-2023.
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    INVESTIGAȚII RECENTE PRIVIND STAREA RADIAȚIEI DE FOND ÎN ECOSISTEMUL URBAN BĂLȚI, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
    (CEP USM, 2024) Stegărescu, Vasile; Ţugulea, Andrian; Bulimaga, Constantin; Bejan, Iurie
    This material reflects the study of the external gamma radiological fund level and the content of natural and man-made radionuclides in the soils of the Balti urban ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova. Radiometric and radiospectrometric research revealed values of the level of the external gamma dose rate as well as the content of anthropogenic and natural radionuclides (137Cs, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K) that do not exceed the provisions of the national norms (NFRP-2000). There is still a need to continuously monitor the level of the external gamma radiological background and the content of radionuclides of different origins in the soil and spontaneous flora, resulting from global deposits from nuclear tests and accidents, including from the Chernobyl NPP.
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    THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EMERALD SITES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
    (2023) Moșanu, Elena; Tariță, Anatol; Lozan, Raisa; Sandu, Maria
    Biodiversity illustrates the extraordinary variety of life on Earth, but technological progress and the intensive use of natural resources have considerably increased the anthropogenic impact on biological diversity. Therefore, to stop the decline of biodiversity through the long-term conservation of the most valuable and endangered species and habitats of European interest to identify, maintain, and restore areas of special interest for the conservation of wild fauna and flora species, the EMERALD Network was established. To integrate the objectives of conservation and protection of species and habitats of national and local interest, education, information, and public involvement in the efficient management of the heritage of the Emerald Network site and Natura 2000, it is necessary to develop management plans for EMERALD sites.
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    EVOLUȚIA ȘI VARIABILITATEA SPAȚIALĂ A UMEDITĂȚII RELATIVE A AERULUI VARA PE TERITORIUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
    (CEP USM, 2024) Țurcanu, Viorica
    Climate change directly influences the humidity regime, including the relative humidity of the air. That is way during the summer months, the main trends for changing the relative humidity regime were highlighted. Knowing the spatial variability of the relative humidity of the air during the summer months is extremally important especially in the context of an accelerated rate of climate change that is witnessed in the territory of our country. The spatial variability expressed on the digital maps obtained would be of intereste not only with reference to the agricultural sector, but it is extremely important to take into account also the measures to mitigate the impact of climate change on the forestry sector.
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    ESTIMAREA DEFICITULUI DE SATURAȚIE ȘI A PREJUDICIILOR MATERIALE CAUZATE DE PLOILE TORENȚIALE ÎN EXCES
    (CEP USM, 2024) Țurcanu, Viorica; Mîndru, Galina
    Warm season’s hydrothermal regime’s knowledge is extremely important from the point of view of applied decision-making in the areas of agriculture’s sustainable development. Climatic variability of the past few decades determines a continuous estimation of warm season’s hydrothermal regime, aiming to ensure the optimal supply of heat and humidity resources for the agricultural plants. The present article analyzes the thermal and humidity regimes during the summer months, the period during which the major growth and intensive development of the agricultural plants is taking place, allowing us to identify the particularities of the said regimes spatio-temporal distribution The estimation of the concomitant evolution of the saturation defcit (mb) with the number of the dry days demonstrate a rising trend for the both of these climatic components, starting with the 80s of the XXth century; the most essential values are observed on almost entire territory of the republic in the end of the frst decade of the XXIst century. also in this period we observe the highest material losses caused by the excesses of atmospheric precipitations. The value of the losses caused by the torrential rains during the warmest semester of the year varies signifcantly by the month, both at the republic’s level and at the level of the separate region, being determined by the variation of the main parameters of these rains. Thus, humidity defcit and pluviometric excess had occurred regularly in the regional climatic system and are caused by the changes in the actual global climate.
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    ESTIMAREA PREJUDICIILOR CAUZATE DE VÂNTURI CU CONSECINȚE SEMNIFICATIVE PE TERITORIUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
    (CEP USM, 2024) Mîndru, Galina
    On average, 10-20 districts are affected annually by winds with signifcant consequences on the territory of the republic. The number of districts affected on the territory of the republic varies from 5 to 28. The most administrative-territorial districts were affected in the years: 2019 – 28 districts, in 2017 – 25 districts and 1998 – 21 districts. In 1999 and 2011, respectively, 5 districts were affected. The greatest damages caused by winds with signifcant consequences in terms of spatio-temporal profle during the study period were recorded: in 2019 with the total value of damages of 517.0 million lei, followed by the years - 2007 with 142.0 million lei; 2016 with 117.0 million lei, 2021 with 107.0 million lei and 1998 with 104.0 million lei. In the administrativeterritorial profle, the biggest damages were recorded in the districts: Ocnita, Căușeni, Fălești, Drochia and Rezina, where these damages exceeded 100 million lei. In the other districts, the damages recorded during the study period constituted values below 60.0 million lei or they were insignifcant.
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    DINAMICA SCURGERII SOLIDE ALE RÂURILOR DIN LIMITELE REGIUNII DE DEZVOLTARE NORD A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
    (CEP USM, 2024) Jeleapov, Ana
    The article represents an assessment of suspended sediments formed in the river of small, medium and large river of northern Development Region of the Republic of Moldova. Main materials were considered time series of hydrologic monitoring network maintained by state Hydrometeorological service of the Republic of Moldova. Main results show that suspended sediments of the Dniester river measured at Hrusca station were reduced under the impact of Dniester Hydropower Complex by 16 times, at present their value being in average of 14 kg/s, and turbidity of 51 g/m3. suspended sediments of the Prut river are equal to 7,9 kg/s with a decreasing tendency. The same tendency is specifc also for the case of small and medium river. sediments reduction means lower fluvial processes and dynamics of river beds.
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    ANALIZA DINAMICII UTILIZARII TERENURILOR IN RAIONUL ANENII NOI CU AJUTORUL APLICATIILOR SIG
    (CEP USM, 2024) Canțîr, Angela
    land use has undergone some changes over the last 20-30 years. By these changes, we mean that the surfaces with different categories of use are reduced or expanded. The purpose of this article is to present the dynamics of land use on the territory of Ialoveni district (Republic of Moldova), in the period 2004 – 2020 (according to Corine landcover, 2004 and orthophoto plans 2007, 2020). Thanks to the data obtained, the categories of use in different years are displayed cartographically and graphically. Is highlighted the difference between them. Thus it is possible to quantify by numbers what was and is the situation in this feld and also these data are presented cartographically to create a visual image for us. Thanks to the territories with highlighted dynamics and the data with reference to the geomorphological processes, we can also highlight their influence on the change of use categories in the researched territory.