2. Articole
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Item ABORDĂRI METODOLOGICE DE CERCETARE A STĂRII ECOLOGICE A ECOSISTEMELOR URBANE(CEP USM, 2024) Mogîldea, VladimirUrban ecosystems represent mainly human habitats, but usually include significant are as for wild species that are associated with urban habitats. They are socio-ecological systems composed of ecological infrastructure (green and blue) and built infrastructure (grey one). Envi ronmental Infrastructure (EI) provides a wide range of benefits for the population: it reduces air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, provides protection against floods, droughts and heat waves and maintains a connection between people and nature. Urban ecosystems are considered to be in “good condition” if living conditions for people and urban biodiversity are good. Ano ther criterion refers to the balance within the ecosystem, between built and green infrastructure. The environment quality assessment in urban ecosystems requires a specific methodological ap proach, adapted to the complexity of this ecosystem type. The methodology includes a framework of indicators for assessing the ecological state of urban ecosystems, mapping them to help design or implement policies on urban green infrastruc ture, its biodiversity as well as to measure progress towards international, national, regional or local goals in terms of stability and sustainability of urban ecosystems.Item ANALIZA DINAMICII UTILIZARII TERENURILOR IN RAIONUL ANENII NOI CU AJUTORUL APLICATIILOR SIG(CEP USM, 2024) Canțîr, Angelaland use has undergone some changes over the last 20-30 years. By these changes, we mean that the surfaces with different categories of use are reduced or expanded. The purpose of this article is to present the dynamics of land use on the territory of Ialoveni district (Republic of Moldova), in the period 2004 – 2020 (according to Corine landcover, 2004 and orthophoto plans 2007, 2020). Thanks to the data obtained, the categories of use in different years are displayed cartographically and graphically. Is highlighted the difference between them. Thus it is possible to quantify by numbers what was and is the situation in this feld and also these data are presented cartographically to create a visual image for us. Thanks to the territories with highlighted dynamics and the data with reference to the geomorphological processes, we can also highlight their influence on the change of use categories in the researched territory.Item ANALIZA SITUAȚIEI ȘI MANAGEMENTUL DEȘEURILOR PE TERITORIUL REGIUNII DE DEZVOLTARE NORD(CEP USM, 2024) Budeanu, ValentinaBased on a meta-analysis, an assessment is made of the state of management of heterogene ous pollutants in the Northern Region of the Republic of Moldova for the period 2015-2019. De termined: the largest generator of waste belongs to the municipality of Baltsi with 2398858 tons, followed by the district of Faleschti with 934556 tons and the district of Drochia with 511130 tons; Floreschti - 9785 tons and Singerei - 16257 tons are in the decreasing volume of waste.Item APLICAREA UNOR METODOLOGII EUROPENE ELABORATE ÎN CADRUL PROGRAMELOR CONTINENTALE ÎN CERCETĂRILE ECOLOGICE DIN MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Begu, Adam; Brașoveanu, ValeriuThe monitoring of the state of the environment carried out in the Republic of Moldova by means of non-instrumental (bio-indication) and instrumental (analysis/analytical) methods ap plied in European programs allowed to obtain some parameters compatible with those of other countries and which are included in the continental databases. Thus, based on the spatial distri bution of SO2 in the atmospheric air, established on the basis of bioindication, we find that it di ffers greatly from that indicated in the same 32 cells (50x50km) of the European EMEP program, the main reason being the low elevation and the fragmentation of the forests and the rugged relief, fact that allowed us to propose the reduction of the cell surface. It performed a comparative analysis of throughfall atmospheric deposition in the Repu blic of Moldova to that determined in the intensive (level II) forest monitoring plots in Europe. Monitoring ions S-SO4 2-, N-NO3 - și N-NH4 + was carried out according to the methodology re commended by the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests). Throughfall deposits of mineral ions recorded in forests studied in Republic of Moldova are comparable to deposits recorded in the central and central-eastern European regions.Item AN APPROACH TO ESTIMATION OF SOIL ERODIBILITY FOR IALPUG RIVER BASIN (REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA)(CEP USM, 2024) Crivova, Olga; Sirodoev, Ghennadi; Overcenco, AureliuErodibility (k-factor) as a part of the Revised Universal Soil Equation Model (RUSLE) was estimated for a case-study area (Ialpug River Basin), quantifying the capacity of various soil types to withstand the detachment of its particles and their consequent transport. World Reference Database of Soil Resources classification was used. GIS tools of soil’s erodibility were used, and the distribution of soil taxa and various erosion degrees for it was analyzed. K-factor varies from 0.135888 (Antrosols) till 0.496222 ton·ha·h/ha·MJ·mm (Calcic Chernozems). Both pedological and geological approaches were applied (for active landscapes). The choropleth method of cartography was used to present the classes of resulting erodibility k.Item ASPECTE GENERALE ALE REGIMULUI HIDROLOGIC ALE APELOR DE SUPRAFAȚĂ ÎN PARCUL NAȚIONAL ORHEI(CEP USM, 2024) Angheluța, Viorica; Bejan, Iurie; Bunduc, Tatiana; Jechiu, Iradion; Boaghe, DionisieThis study is oriented towards the analysis, evaluation and appreciation of the hydrological regime of the surface waters in the Orhei national Park. The hydrographic network of Orhei national Park is well developed, comprising 124 rivers and streams with a total length of 257.5 km. The two main hydrographic basins include the Moța, right tributary of the Răut and Teleșeuca, left tributary of the Ichel river, along with the upper and middle course of the Vatici river, right tributary of the Răut. Most of the rivers in the area have lengths between 1 and 10 km and only 6 have lengths greater than 10 km. The assessment of water resources is based on the data from the Jeloboc hydrological station, in operation since 1958, part of the monitoring network of the state Hydrometeorological service. The average annual flow of the Răut River in this sector is 10.44 m3/s in the period 1958-2010, with a slight decrease in the flow. There are 26 water reservoirs in the Orhei national Park, most of which are small, man-made ponds, built for various purposes, such as river flow regulation, flood protection, fsh farming and others.Item ASPECTE ÎN CONSERVAREA BIODIVERSITĂȚII: STUDIU DE CAZ - REGIUNEA DE DEZVOLTARE NORD(CEP USM, 2024) Donica, Ala; Mogîldea, VladimirThe study proposed the conservation of biodiversity analysis in the Northern Development Region of the Republic of Moldova, through state-protected natural areas and ecological ne tworks, with the identification of the natural heritage elements dependence on environmental factors (abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic). In the region, the geological structure, the outcrops of the Badenian-Sarmatian deposits, the specific relief, the narrow valleys in the form of gorges, in com bination with other environmental components (soil, climate, water) present favorable habitats for the development of various types of ecosystems (petrophyte, forest, grasslands, wetlands, etc.) and rare species. Areas vulnerable to nutrient and nitrate pollution have been identified, where maintenance or improvement of water status is an important factor for protected areas in the Emerald network and wetlands of international importance. Biodiversity conservation actions in the region should respond to several environmental problems, among which: the presence of limited protected natural areas, insufficient to ensure the biodiversity conservation; fragmenta tion of natural ecosystems and habitats; intensification of the environmental changes impact on the system of wetlands and their associated natural ecosystems; the presence of limited urban/ rural green spaces, insufficient to ensure the ecological norms in the field; the negative impact of agricultural activities, especially in ecotone areas, etc.Item ASPECTE PRIVIND INFRASTRUCTURA ECOLOGICĂ URBANĂ ȘI FURNIZAREA SERVICIILOR ECOSISTEMICE(CEP USM, 2024) Țugulea, Andrian; Mogîldea, Vladimir; Bejan, IuriiThe present paper presents the results regarding the role of the ecological infrastructure in the Balti urban ecosystem in the provision of ecosystem services. Modern methods of land use analysis were used, followed by the quantifcation of ecosystem services (air purifcation, carbon storage, water retention). It was established that in the municipality of Balti, agricultural land predominates - 51% (4001.44 ha), followed by construction and courtyards - 28% (2138.25 ha), forests -9% (722.75 ha) , lands occupied by water and lands for streets and markets with 4% each, roads - 3%, and other lands including degraded. In the rural area, agricultural land predominates, and in the urban area - buildings and yards. The urban green infrastructure in the Balti urban ecosystem can remove approximately 51.6 t/year of particles from the air, store 116.5 thousand tons of carbon and retain rainwater in case of 10 mm precipitation - 289.8 thousand t/ year.Item ASPECTE PRIVIND TENDINȚELE TEMPERATURILOR MINIME LA SOL – BAZINUL HIDROGRAFIC IALPUG(CEP USM, 2024) Botnari, Aliona; Chiriac, IoanaTemperatura este cel mai important parametru meteoclimatic ce se utilizează în toate caracterizările, asupra timpului. Indicele de temperatură minimă este relevant pentru sănătatea umană, agricultură și biodiversitate. Aceasta indică temperatura celei mai reci zile a unei perioade, de obicei a anului, dar și într-un anumit sezon sau lună. Acest indice face parte din tipul de pericol de frig și îngheț al categoriei de căldură și frig a clasificării. Analiza regimului temporal a temperaturii minime la suprafața solului în partea de Sud a Republicii Moldova în perioada de primăvară și toamnă au fost analizate utilizând șirurile de date climatologice a minimelor zilnice ale temperaturii aerului la suprafața solului pentru primăvara (martie, aprilie, mai) și toamna (septembrie, octombrie, noiembrie) înregistrate la 3 stații meteorologice (amplasate în nemijlocita apropiere a bazinului Ialpug) în perioada 1994-2023.Item DINAMICA INCIDENȚEI GENERALE A POPULAȚIEI DIN MUN. BĂLȚI(CEP USM, 2024) Bodrug, Nicolae; Tabără, IrinaEnvironmental pollution affects population health depending on the extension and the degree of exposure to environmental factors. In most cases it is difficult to obtain an accurate situation of exposure of population to harmful factors. Health status is determined by: human biology, ecological factors, the socio-economic situation of each person and the quality of me dical services. According to regional, the interdependence of those factors could vary, but not significantly. The environmental risks are everywhere, but diminishing them may improve the health status of the population. The main diseases, registered on the territory of Balti municipality, during the 2010–2021 years, are: respiratory system diseases – 53%; trauma and poisoning – 8%; diseases of the genitourinary and digestive system each – 6%.Item DINAMICA SCURGERII SOLIDE ALE RÂURILOR DIN LIMITELE REGIUNII DE DEZVOLTARE NORD A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Jeleapov, AnaThe article represents an assessment of suspended sediments formed in the river of small, medium and large river of northern Development Region of the Republic of Moldova. Main materials were considered time series of hydrologic monitoring network maintained by state Hydrometeorological service of the Republic of Moldova. Main results show that suspended sediments of the Dniester river measured at Hrusca station were reduced under the impact of Dniester Hydropower Complex by 16 times, at present their value being in average of 14 kg/s, and turbidity of 51 g/m3. suspended sediments of the Prut river are equal to 7,9 kg/s with a decreasing tendency. The same tendency is specifc also for the case of small and medium river. sediments reduction means lower fluvial processes and dynamics of river beds.Item ESTIMAREA CANTITATIVĂ A PIERDERILOR MEDII ANUALE DE SOL PE DIFERITE CATEGORII DE UTILIZARE A TERENURILOR. STUDIU DE CAZ: BAZINUL HIDROGRAFIC TIGHECI(CEP USM, 2024) Bunduc, Tatiana; Bejan, Iurii; Sochircă, Vitalii; Bunduc, PetruThe scientifc results obtained from the research in the Tigheci hydrographic basin (located in the northwest of the Tigheci Hills) argue the immense agricultural potential of the region, but the erosion processes lead to a reduction in the amount of humus and nutrients in the soil, thus limiting the ability to productivity. erosion is the most widespread geomorphological process, has an appreciable intensity especially on the agriculture lands, where the average rate of soil loss, estimated according to the ROMseM model, is 2.16 t/ha/ year. although erosion is seen as a bio-physical process, the way of land use contributes signifcantly to the appearance of this form of degradation, having numerous economic consequences. Thus, it was found that the soil loss values are higher on arable land (about 11 thousand ha affected), followed by pastures (over 2 thousand ha) and perennial plantations (about 1000 ha). The need for such a study in order to estimate soil losses is of great importance, because only by quantifying the risk can differently measures, ways to prevent and combat erosion processes be developed.Item ESTIMAREA DEFICITULUI DE SATURAȚIE ȘI A PREJUDICIILOR MATERIALE CAUZATE DE PLOILE TORENȚIALE ÎN EXCES(CEP USM, 2024) Țurcanu, Viorica; Mîndru, GalinaWarm season’s hydrothermal regime’s knowledge is extremely important from the point of view of applied decision-making in the areas of agriculture’s sustainable development. Climatic variability of the past few decades determines a continuous estimation of warm season’s hydrothermal regime, aiming to ensure the optimal supply of heat and humidity resources for the agricultural plants. The present article analyzes the thermal and humidity regimes during the summer months, the period during which the major growth and intensive development of the agricultural plants is taking place, allowing us to identify the particularities of the said regimes spatio-temporal distribution The estimation of the concomitant evolution of the saturation defcit (mb) with the number of the dry days demonstrate a rising trend for the both of these climatic components, starting with the 80s of the XXth century; the most essential values are observed on almost entire territory of the republic in the end of the frst decade of the XXIst century. also in this period we observe the highest material losses caused by the excesses of atmospheric precipitations. The value of the losses caused by the torrential rains during the warmest semester of the year varies signifcantly by the month, both at the republic’s level and at the level of the separate region, being determined by the variation of the main parameters of these rains. Thus, humidity defcit and pluviometric excess had occurred regularly in the regional climatic system and are caused by the changes in the actual global climate.Item ESTIMAREA PREJUDICIILOR CAUZATE DE VÂNTURI CU CONSECINȚE SEMNIFICATIVE PE TERITORIUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Mîndru, GalinaOn average, 10-20 districts are affected annually by winds with signifcant consequences on the territory of the republic. The number of districts affected on the territory of the republic varies from 5 to 28. The most administrative-territorial districts were affected in the years: 2019 – 28 districts, in 2017 – 25 districts and 1998 – 21 districts. In 1999 and 2011, respectively, 5 districts were affected. The greatest damages caused by winds with signifcant consequences in terms of spatio-temporal profle during the study period were recorded: in 2019 with the total value of damages of 517.0 million lei, followed by the years - 2007 with 142.0 million lei; 2016 with 117.0 million lei, 2021 with 107.0 million lei and 1998 with 104.0 million lei. In the administrativeterritorial profle, the biggest damages were recorded in the districts: Ocnita, Căușeni, Fălești, Drochia and Rezina, where these damages exceeded 100 million lei. In the other districts, the damages recorded during the study period constituted values below 60.0 million lei or they were insignifcant.Item EVALUAREA SOLURILOR CENUȘII DE PĂDURE ÎN CONTEXTUL SCHIMBĂRII FACTORILOR PEDOGENETICI CONDIȚIONATE DE IMPACTUL FACTORULUI ANTROPIC(CEP USM, 2024) Lungu, MarinaThe study examines the evolution of gray forest soils in Central Moldova’s Codri region under conditions following deforestation for arable use. It compares soils under natural forest with 100-year-old arable soils and soils previously used in agriculture and subsequently transformed under steppe conditions. Agricultural conversion merged forest soil horizons (AEhț, AEh, BEhtw), resulting in reduced humus content and illuvial-eluvial processes, reduced soil resistance to compaction, leading to soil’s physical structure degradation and soil compaction. In conclusion, arable gray soils require soil management to increase organic matter, reduce soil acidity and improve physical properties in the plow layer to optimize crop growth.Item EVOLUȚIA ȘI VARIABILITATEA SPAȚIALĂ A UMEDITĂȚII RELATIVE A AERULUI VARA PE TERITORIUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Țurcanu, VioricaClimate change directly influences the humidity regime, including the relative humidity of the air. That is way during the summer months, the main trends for changing the relative humidity regime were highlighted. Knowing the spatial variability of the relative humidity of the air during the summer months is extremally important especially in the context of an accelerated rate of climate change that is witnessed in the territory of our country. The spatial variability expressed on the digital maps obtained would be of intereste not only with reference to the agricultural sector, but it is extremely important to take into account also the measures to mitigate the impact of climate change on the forestry sector.Item IMPACTUL ACTIVITĂȚILOR ANTROPICE ASUPRA STĂRII DIVERSITĂȚII FLORISTICE DIN CADRUL ECOSISTEMULUI URBAN BĂLȚI, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Certan, Corina; Bulimaga, Constantin; Portarescu, Anastasiia; Grabco, NadejdaThe ecological problems of the urban ecosystem require a complex study to highlight the paths of evolution in a global aspect. Contemporary urban ecosystems represent ecosystems with genesis and microevolutionary processes, it includes a varied spectrum of different taxonomic groups of plant and animal organisms, which occupy certain ecological niches in the ecosystem. The research was carried out in the field during the vegetation period (may – september) of the years 2020 – 2023. The evaluation of the state of floristic diversity was carried out by the method of linear transects. In order to ensure the sustainable development of the plant component of the Balti urban ecosystem, it is proposed to plant species of trees and shrubs that prevent soil erosion, mitigate noise pollution, have the ability to absorb carbon dioxide, retain solid particles from the air, can serve as of habitats for urban fauna and can be used as bioindicators of environmental quality.Item IMPACTUL PESTICIDELOR ORGANOCLORURATE AJUNSE ÎN SOL CU PESTE 25 DE ANI ÎN URMĂ ÎN FUNCȚIE DE MODUL LOR DE UTILIZARE(CEP USM, 2024) Tărîță, AnatolieThis paper is part of an integral study on the dynamics of organochlorine pesticide residues (-DDT and its degradation products: ‐DDe and ‐DDD, α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ -HCH, -HaP, -BPC) arrived 25 years ago in soils with various uses (natural biocenoses, arable land, common, floodplains, etc.); distribution, metabolism and isomerization in the upper soil layer of a former interkolkhoz orchard occupying over 2000 ha.Item THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EMERALD SITES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY(2023) Moșanu, Elena; Tariță, Anatol; Lozan, Raisa; Sandu, MariaBiodiversity illustrates the extraordinary variety of life on Earth, but technological progress and the intensive use of natural resources have considerably increased the anthropogenic impact on biological diversity. Therefore, to stop the decline of biodiversity through the long-term conservation of the most valuable and endangered species and habitats of European interest to identify, maintain, and restore areas of special interest for the conservation of wild fauna and flora species, the EMERALD Network was established. To integrate the objectives of conservation and protection of species and habitats of national and local interest, education, information, and public involvement in the efficient management of the heritage of the Emerald Network site and Natura 2000, it is necessary to develop management plans for EMERALD sites.Item INVESTIGAȚII RECENTE PRIVIND STAREA RADIAȚIEI DE FOND ÎN ECOSISTEMUL URBAN BĂLȚI, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Stegărescu, Vasile; Ţugulea, Andrian; Bulimaga, Constantin; Bejan, IurieThis material reflects the study of the external gamma radiological fund level and the content of natural and man-made radionuclides in the soils of the Balti urban ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova. Radiometric and radiospectrometric research revealed values of the level of the external gamma dose rate as well as the content of anthropogenic and natural radionuclides (137Cs, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K) that do not exceed the provisions of the national norms (NFRP-2000). There is still a need to continuously monitor the level of the external gamma radiological background and the content of radionuclides of different origins in the soil and spontaneous flora, resulting from global deposits from nuclear tests and accidents, including from the Chernobyl NPP.