Browsing by Author "Cârnaț, Teodor"

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ABORDARI TEORETICE CU PRIVIRE LA UNELE PROBLEME DE ORDIN MORAL CE POT FI SCOASE LA REFERENDUM
(Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2019) Cârnaț, Teodor
The mechanism by which representative democracy turns into direct democracy is the referendum. In other words, voters may be called upon to approve orreject certainlaws or changes to them instead of fully entrusting the right to pass laws to a legislative body. By referendum, the electoral body is called to decide on issues of national interest (choice of the form of government, problems of self-determination as a state etc.). The convocation may be made by the Head of State, the Legislature Authority, Government, or other subjects prescribed by law. Depending on the subject, referendums can be:constitutional, legislative, international, administrative, of moral issues. We would like to analyze the type of referendums on moral issues and to distinguish some controversial issues that could possibly be raised through referendums in the Republic of Moldova, as for instance the fundamental obligation of all citizens from birth to vote, legalization of euthanasia, and prohibitionofabortion.
ACCESUL LIBER LA JUSTIȚIE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA: PRINCIPIU FUNDAMENTAL ABSOLUT, APLICABIL DREPTURILOR ȘI LIBERTĂȚILOR CONSTITUȚIONALE
(CEP USM, 2020) Cârnaț, Teodor; Panchiv, Olesea
Free access to justice in the Republic of Moldova is a fundamental principle applicable to the constitutional rights and freedoms. It is an absolute principle, which means that it cannot be limited by the state. Free access to justice must be guaranteed to all the people, in an equal, impartial and non-discriminatory way, regardless of their quality (citizen, foreigner or stateless person), race, nationality, religion, political affiliation, sex, wealth etc. A genuine rule of law necessarily implies the possibility of every person to defend his rights, freedoms and legitimate interests provided by the Constitution and the national law in force. This supreme purpose of the state is achievable due to this absolute fundamental principle – free access to both common law and constitutional justice.
ADMINISTRAȚIA ȘI FENOMENUL BIROCRATIC
(Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2019) Cârnaț, Teodor; Ambroasă, Ana-Maria
The modern administrative systems are huge bureaucratic mechanisms, defined by hierarchy, continuity, impersonality and expertize. There are multiple power games that operate within those systems, and that attenuate the mechanical and rational functionning of the government. When it takes the executive’s place, the administration becomes an independent bureaucracy, out of control and capable of undermining or even blocking the political initiatives of the government.
ANALIZA JURISPRUDENȚEI CtEDO CU PRIVIRE LA ÎNCĂLCAREA DREPTULUI LA VIAȚĂ DE CĂTRE REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2020) Pavlovschi, Stanislav; Cârnaț, Teodor
In the contemporary era, great steps were taken towards the development of the principles and standards in the field of the protection of human rights. Human life has thus obtained a central position within treaties, among which, the European Convention on Human Rights. The Republic of Moldova, following its membership to the Council of Europe and its ratification of the Convention, has committed to respect all the rights guaranteed by the latter, including the right to life.However, over the years, the state has failed to exercise its obligation fully, as the European Court of Human Rights has found violations which resulted in Moldova’s conviction. The article aims to analyze the cases lost by Moldova,which are relevant to the topic, as well as the position of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Constitutional Court on the matter.
APĂRAREA ONOAREI, DEMNITĂŢII ŞI REPUTAŢIEI PROFESIONALE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(2011) Albu, Victoria; Cârnaț, Teodor
APARIŢIA, DEZVOLTAREA ŞI DEFINIREA CONSTITUŢIONALISMULUI CONTEMPORAN DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(2007) Cârnaț, Teodor
The notion of constitutionalism represents an exertion of the acts of all state and non-state institutions according to basic human rights within the conditions of equality in rights, legal security, effective protection of rights, and separation of state powers and exclusion of all forms of discrimination. Therefore, the main gaps of contemporary constitutionalism of Republic of Moldova seem to be the poor training of legal conscience, the important difference between legal constitutional theory and practice of realization of constitutional ideas in legal norms. At the same time, constitutionalism is a social phenomenon in continuous evolution, which should be studied according to specific features of historical evolution of each nation. The present stage of the constitutionalism in Republic of Moldova has begun with the adoption of some acts of historical importance on sovereignty, independence, power and, not in the least, the Constitution of Republic of Moldova of the 29th of July 1994.
APLICABILITATEA PRINCIPIULUI TRANSPARENȚEI ÎN ACHIZIȚIILE PUBLICE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(CEP USM, 2023) Postolachi, Oxana; Cârnaț, Teodor
democratic society must adhere to the ideal of openness, as both human rights and democracy can only be practiced in transparent circumstances. Transparency is a complicated phenomenon whose development has been influenced by a number of natural political, economic, social and cultural variables. It grew with the spread of democracy in the second half of the 20th century, with the adoption of the first international declarations and agreements guaranteeing human rights.
ASIGURAREA LIBERTAȚII DE GANDIRE, CONȘTIINȚA ȘI RELIGIE IN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2019) Cârnaț, Teodor; Iordachescu, Alina
The religious life is studied from many perspectives (inter-confessional, ideological, confessional, secular, legal,constitutional, etc.). The present study has a „general” character identifying the constitutional issues regarding the freedom of conscience. We consider that a detailed analysis of the relationship between the state and religious cults can make a significant contribution for understanding some realities that are crucial for the free and unconditional manifestation of the faith of the citizens.
ASPECTE ALE PREVENIRII ŞI COMBATERII DISCRIMINĂRII PERSOANELOR SOCIALMENTE VULNERABILE
(2007) Cârnaț, Teodor
Provision aspects in combating discrimination of socially vulnerable persons. Social integration is a complete part of social development, where equality of opportunity is an essential issue. Nowadays, it is widely needed to pay special attention to social integration in order to achieve a society for all requires: a people-centered approach to development, coherence between principles and practice, and effective social policies to ensure the rights and opportunities in society of various population groups, especially disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, and in such areas as education, employment, social protection and social service provision. The principle of equality is crucial to Republic of Moldova and requires more effective social policies and legal instruments to protect vulnerable groups from discrimination and to ensure their rights and opportunities in the society.
ASPECTE CONCEPTUALE PRIVIND PRINCIPIUL TRANSPARENŢEI
(2009) Cârnaț, Teodor; Chiveri, Galina
ASPECTE TEORETICE ŞI PRACTICE ALE PROTEJĂRII DREPTURILOR OMULUI ŞI ELIMINAREA DISCRIMINĂRII PRIN INTERMEDIUL ORGANIZAŢIILOR OBŞTEŞTI
(2008) Cârnaț, Teodor; Guceac, Ion
In the Republic of Moldova there is a discrepancy between the provisions concerning human rights and their realization in practice. These problems come up because of the economic instability, corruption, lack of legal culture, moral degradation, things which lead to appearance of discrimination on different criteria. Human rights respect and exclusion of discrimination depends on correct application by the state, institutions, organizations and citizens the legal provision referring to human rights, same as good functioning of national and international bodies which activate in order to guarantee and protect human rights.
ATRIBUŢIILE ORGANELOR VAMALE ÎN DOMENIUL IMPLEMENTĂRII POLITICII VAMALE A STATULUI
(2012) Erhan, Ianuș; Cârnaț, Teodor
As instruments of customs policy are, firstly, legislation and international agreements, customs tariffs and non-tariff measures system (licensing, quotation, contingency) which are applied primarily based on the requirements and international standards. All of these measures are related between them and form the customs procedure applicable in a State, as a set of provisions, determining the status of the goods and vehicles crossing the customs border. In this respect, the customs activity in the implementation of the customs policy of the State is quite varied, constituting the core of the activity of the customs and it covers the entire spectrum of activities related to clearance of goods and vehicles crossing the customs border. However, recently we see a development of new fields of customs, such as risk analysis, postclearence audit , intellectual property protection, etc.
CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND POSIBILITATEA CONTROLULUI CONSTITUŢIONALITĂŢII ASUPRA ACTELOR PUTERII EXECUTIVE
(2017) Cârnaț, Teodor; Școlnic, Sergiu
Cette étude est consacrée à l’analyse du contrôle de la constitutionnalité du pouvoir exécutif, et les formes de l’exercer. Dans ce contexte, la Cour constitutionnelle se limite à vérifier la conformité de la constitutionnalité des actes des gouvernants dont la inconstitutionnalité a été notifiée. Même si lʼÉtat assure le mécanisme de contrôle de la légalité des actes du pouvoir exécutif, nous croyons que les gouvernants eux-mêmes sont en mesure de vérifier individuellement la constitutionnalité des actes avant d’émettre.
CONSIDERAȚII TEORETICE PRIVIND GUVERNAREA, REGIMUL POLITIC ȘI REGIMUL DE GUVERNARE
(2017) Cârnaț, Teodor; Popa, Cristina
This article deals with definition and analysis of the core concepts of a democratic regime. These concepts are: governance, regime, parliamentarism, presidentialism, state power separation, governing regime and its consolidation. The concept of governing regime is a new one and starts from a classification of political regime. This classification is ambiguous and many scholars make confusions between the concepts. That is why this article comes into explaining this notion by simplifying and excluding the confusions in this domain. The article ends with personal definition of the governing regime that is a system of organization and exertion of state power through which is realized the distribution of power between different categories of bodies and that ensures the independence, collaboration and reciprocal control of political institutions.
CONSOLIDAREA NORMATIVĂ ȘI INSTITUȚIONALĂ A INTEGRĂRII MINORITĂȚILOR ETNICE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(2018) Iovu, Andrei; Cârnaț, Teodor
Scopul lucrării rezidă în aprofundarea cercetării asupra integrării minorităților etnice în Republica Moldova, cu analiza reglementărilor internaționale și a experienței statelor ce întrunesc afinități istorice, politice și demografice cu Republica Moldova și care împărtășesc valori europene. Pentru realizarea scopului au fost trasate următoarele obiective de cercetare: de a argumenta necesitatea integrării minorităților etnice în vederea asigurării unității poporului și dezvoltării societății Republicii Moldova; de a demonstra că integrarea minorităților etnice este în corespundere cu prevederile referitoare la drepturile omului; de a analiza terminologia în domeniu și de a propune definiția proprie pentru termenul „integrare”; de a determina care dintre sintagmele „minoritate etnică” și „minoritate națională” este justă din punct de vedere a doctrinei și a contextului Republicii Moldova; de a identifica bunele practici din experiența europeană privind integrarea minorităților ce pot fi aplicate pentru perfecționarea cadrului normativ și instituțional din Republica Moldova; de a clarifica care sunt premisele principale pentru realizarea integrării minorităților etnice și de a determina în ce măsură acestea sunt întrunite în contextul cadrului normativ și instituțional din Republica Moldova.
CONSOLIDAREA REGIMULUI DE GUVERNARE PRIN PRISMA CONSTITUȚIONALISMULUI CONTEMPORAN DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(2017) Popa, Cristina; Cârnaț, Teodor
Scopul studiului constă în studierea complexă a colaborării autorității Parlamentului, Guvernului și instituției Președinției în consolidarea regimului de guvernare al Republicii Moldova prin prisma constituționalismului contemporan.
CONSTITUȚIONALIZAREA PRINCIPIULUI LOIALITĂȚII CONSTITUȚIONALE
(CEP USM, 2022-03-17) Sfătoiu, Mihaela; Cârnaț, Teodor
The principle of constitutional loyalty is of interest both nationally and internationally, since loyalty to the values, rules and principles set out in the Constitution must be, both in theory and in practice, a very solid connectivity element in the relations between the various public authorities. In Romania, the principle of constitutional loyalty is not expressly mentioned in the Constitution. The Constitutional Court of Romania has deductively interpreted the obligation of constitutional loyalty from a principle expressly provided for in the Fundamental Law – the separation and balance of powers in the state. Nor does the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova contain express provisions of this principle. Its treatment brings into question the existence of the “constitutionality bloc” in the Republic of Moldova.
CONTROLUL VAMAL AL MĂRFURILOR ŞI MIJLOACELOR DE TRANSPORT
(2015) Cârnaț, Teodor; Ciobanu, Octavian
Controlul fizic al mărfurilor, obiectelor şi al altor valori trecute peste frontiera vamală a Republicii Moldova este un act administrativ, ce constă în controlul de facto al mărfurilor şi mijloacelor de transport trecute peste frontiera vamală în scopul constatării legalităţii trecerii, corespunderii cu datele din declaraţia vamală şi documentele de însoţire a mărfii, în scopul depistării încălcărilor, a mărfurilor ce sunt interzise de a fi introduse/scoase în/de pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova, determinarea caracteristicilor de bază ale mărfurilor respective (codul tarifar, originea, cantitatea, valoarea etc.). Astăzi, când din ce în ce mai mult se discută despre aplicarea cât mai restrânsă a controlului fizic al mărfurilor şi mijloacelor de transport şi aplicarea unor forme de control mai simplificate ca controlul vamal selectiv și controlul ulterior, controlul fizic totuşi îşi păstrează importanţa sa în ce priveşte controlul cantităţii mărfii, depistării cazurilor de contrabandă, asigurarea respectării legislaţiei la trecerea mărfurilor şi mijloacelor de transport peste frontiera vamală.
CREAREA PRECEDENTULUI JUDICIAR ÎN DOMENIUL NON-DISCRIMINĂRII DE CĂTRE CURTEA EUROPEANĂ A DREPTURILOR OMULUI
(2007) Cârnaț, Teodor
Non-discrimination within the Council of Europe represents one of its targets. The European Court of Human Rights shows each year a different content for the non-discrimination provisions, by its jurisprudence. It also should be mentioned that not all the differences in treatment represent a discrimination against the Article 14 of the European Convention of Human Rights. The individuals and the groups of individuals are discriminated against the aims of this provision, so if the invocation of this article is just, then it was established that the situation of the alleged victim may be considered similar to those individuals who were better treated.
DIZABILITATE VERSUS PERSOANE CU NEVOI SPECIALE
(2016) Cârnaț, Teodor; Pavlencu, Mariana; Costișanu, Vitalie
Din cauza discriminării care aduce cu sine marginalizarea şi segregarea anumitor categorii de indivizi vizaţi de astfel de practici, societatea actuală perpetuează inegalitatea în drepturi a oamenilor, judecându-i şi condamnându-i pe cei cărora nu le acordă nici măcar şansa de a putea să ducă un trai decent. Dizabilitatea este doar o chestiune de percepţie. Fiecare om poate face anumite lucruri – lucruri pe care alţii nu le pot face.