Epurarea comunelor agricole din Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească (1934) [Articol]
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Prezentul articol reflectă o problemă care a fost mai puțin abordată în studiul istoriei colectivelor agricole din RASSM, și anume epurarea politică și socială a membrilor gospodăriilor colective care au încălcat regulile de funcționare a comunelor agricole. În esență, după eșecul scontat al colectivizării totale în cadrul primului cincinal, autoritățile sovietice au recurs la identificarea celor care ar fi fost vinovați de acest fiasco. Astfel, rezultatele inspecțiilor efectuate în comunele agricole au furnizat un profil al potențialelor „victime” care urmau să fie excluse din colective. Procesul de „curățare” a comunelor de potențialele elemente ostile colectivizării a fost organizat prin intermediul unui test de cunoștințe politice. Comunarzilor li se adresau o serie de întrebări și, în funcție de nivelul de cultură politică al respondentului, se emitea „sentința”. În conținutul cercetării sunt prezentate cinci comune agricole de pe malul stâng al Nistrului care au trecut prin procesul de epurare: „Progres”, „Der Stern” (satul Mocra, raionul Rîbnița), „Tatarbunar” (satul Jura, raionul Rîbnița), „Lenin” (satul Vărăncău, raionul Rîbnița), „Maiak” (satul Novo-Germanovka, raionul Ocna-Roșie).
The present article reflects a problem less addressed in the study of the history of agricultural collectives in MASSR, namely the political and social cleansing of collective farm members who violated the rules of operation of agricultural communes. Essentially, after the failure of total collectivization expected in the first five-year period, the Soviet authorities resorted to identifying those who would have been guilty of this fiasco. Thus, the results of the inspections started in the agricultural communes outlined the profile of the potential ”victims” who were to be excluded from the collectives. The process of ”cleaning” the communes of potential elements hostile to collectivization was organized by means of a political knowledge test exam. Communards were asked a series of questions and, depending on the level of political culture of the respondent, the ”sentence” was issued. In the content of the research, five agricultural communes on the left side of the Dniester River that went through the purification process are presented: ”Progres”, ”Der Stern” (Mocra village, Rîbnița district), ”Tatarbunar” (Jura village, Rîbnița district), ”Lenin” (Vărăncău village, Rîbnița district), ”Maiak” (Novo - Germanovka village, Ocna - Roșie district).
The present article reflects a problem less addressed in the study of the history of agricultural collectives in MASSR, namely the political and social cleansing of collective farm members who violated the rules of operation of agricultural communes. Essentially, after the failure of total collectivization expected in the first five-year period, the Soviet authorities resorted to identifying those who would have been guilty of this fiasco. Thus, the results of the inspections started in the agricultural communes outlined the profile of the potential ”victims” who were to be excluded from the collectives. The process of ”cleaning” the communes of potential elements hostile to collectivization was organized by means of a political knowledge test exam. Communards were asked a series of questions and, depending on the level of political culture of the respondent, the ”sentence” was issued. In the content of the research, five agricultural communes on the left side of the Dniester River that went through the purification process are presented: ”Progres”, ”Der Stern” (Mocra village, Rîbnița district), ”Tatarbunar” (Jura village, Rîbnița district), ”Lenin” (Vărăncău village, Rîbnița district), ”Maiak” (Novo - Germanovka village, Ocna - Roșie district).
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MOLCOSEAN, Alexandru. Epurarea comunelor agricole din Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească (1934). Revista de Istorie a Moldovei. 2024, nr. 3-4(139-140), pp. 210-214. ISSN 1857-2022, E-ISSN 3082-1673. Disponibil: https://doi.org/10.58187/rim.139-140.11