Locuitorii Basarabiei la începutul secolului al XIX-lea [Articol]
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La începutul secolului al XIX-lea, în teritoriul dintre Prut și Nistru, marea majoritate a locuitorilor erau de etnie română, dar în acest spațiu locuiau și reprezentanți ai altor grupuri etnice. Fiind la hotar cu spațiul slav (în nord și est) și turco-tătar (în sud-est), teritoriul Moldovei de la est de Prut a fost afectat de procese migraționiste de amploare, mai ales în secolului al XVIII-lea și în prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea. În ținuturile nordice și centrale se strămutau mai ales imigranți ruteni (ucraineni) de la nord și est de Nistru (din Galiția, Bucovina, din guberniile Podolia, Herson). În sudul Basarabiei au sosit mulți imigranți de la sud de Dunăre (bulgari, găgăuzi, dar și de etnie română). Către anul 1812, din totalul de cca. 300 mii de locuitori ai Basarabiei, cca 74,775,7% erau români (moldoveni), cca 13,8-14,8% ucraineni, cca 4,3% evrei, cca 3,3% bulgari cu găgăuzi, cca 1% ruși cu lipoveni, cca 0,7% țigani, cca 0,6% greci, cca 0,5% armeni. Doar în decurs de 5 ani de stăpânire rusească, din cauza proceselor migraționiste de amploare și a demarării procesului de colonizare organizată a sudului Basarabiei, s-a produs o diminuare importantă a ponderii populației românești. După catagrafia din 1817 și comparând alte surse statistice, Basarabia era populată de cca 492 mii de persoane (real – cca 460 mii locuitori), dintre care cca 69,2-70% de români (moldoveni), cca 14,5-15,3% de ucraineni, 4,9% bulgari cu găgăuzi, 4,5% evrei, cca 2% de ruși cu lipoveni, 1,7% de coloniști germani, 1,1% țigani, 0,65% greci, 0,55% armeni.
At the beginning of the 19th century, in the territory between the Prut and the Dniester, the vast majority of the inhabitants were of Romanian ethnicity, but representatives of other ethnic groups also lived in this space. Being on the border with the Slavic space (in the north and east) and the Turkish-Tatar space (in the southeast), the territory of Moldova east of the Prut was affected by large-scale migration processes, especially in the 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century. Ruthenian (Ukrainian) immigrants from north and east of the Dniester (from Galicia and Bukovina, from the governorates of Podolia, Kherson) mostly moved to the northern and central lands. In the south of Bessarabia, many immigrants arrived from south of the Danube (Bulgarians, Gagauz, but also of Romanian ethnicity). By 1812, out of the total of approx. 300 thousand inhabitants of Bessarabia, approx. 74.7-75.7% were Romanian (Moldovan), approx. 13.8-14.8% Ukrainians, approx. 4.3% Jews, approx. 3.3% Bulgarians with Gagauz, approx. 1% Russians with Lipovians, approx. 0.7% Gypsies, approx. 0.6% Greeks, approx. 0.5% Armenians. Only within 5 years of Russian rule, due to large-scale migration processes and the start of the process of organized colonization of southern Bessarabia, there was an important decrease in the share of the Romanian population. According to the 1817 census and comparing other statistical sources, Bessarabia was populated by approx. 492 thousand people (real - approx. 460 thousand inhabitants), of which approx. 69.2-70% Romanians (Moldovans), approx. 14.5-15.3% Ukrainians, 4.9% Bulgarians with Gagauz, 4.5% Jews, approx. 2% Russians with Lipovians, 1.7% German colonists, 1.1% Gypsies, 0.65% Greeks, 0.55% Armenians.
At the beginning of the 19th century, in the territory between the Prut and the Dniester, the vast majority of the inhabitants were of Romanian ethnicity, but representatives of other ethnic groups also lived in this space. Being on the border with the Slavic space (in the north and east) and the Turkish-Tatar space (in the southeast), the territory of Moldova east of the Prut was affected by large-scale migration processes, especially in the 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century. Ruthenian (Ukrainian) immigrants from north and east of the Dniester (from Galicia and Bukovina, from the governorates of Podolia, Kherson) mostly moved to the northern and central lands. In the south of Bessarabia, many immigrants arrived from south of the Danube (Bulgarians, Gagauz, but also of Romanian ethnicity). By 1812, out of the total of approx. 300 thousand inhabitants of Bessarabia, approx. 74.7-75.7% were Romanian (Moldovan), approx. 13.8-14.8% Ukrainians, approx. 4.3% Jews, approx. 3.3% Bulgarians with Gagauz, approx. 1% Russians with Lipovians, approx. 0.7% Gypsies, approx. 0.6% Greeks, approx. 0.5% Armenians. Only within 5 years of Russian rule, due to large-scale migration processes and the start of the process of organized colonization of southern Bessarabia, there was an important decrease in the share of the Romanian population. According to the 1817 census and comparing other statistical sources, Bessarabia was populated by approx. 492 thousand people (real - approx. 460 thousand inhabitants), of which approx. 69.2-70% Romanians (Moldovans), approx. 14.5-15.3% Ukrainians, 4.9% Bulgarians with Gagauz, 4.5% Jews, approx. 2% Russians with Lipovians, 1.7% German colonists, 1.1% Gypsies, 0.65% Greeks, 0.55% Armenians.
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UNGUREANU, Constantin. Locuitorii Basarabiei la începutul secolului al XIX-lea. Revista de Istorie a Moldovei. 2024, nr. 3-4(139-140), pp. 73-99. ISSN 1857-2022, E-ISSN 3082-1673. Disponibil: https://doi.org/10.58187/rim.139-140.04