Înființarea tovărășiilor rurale de credit agricol reciproc în preocupările zemstvei din Basarabia în anii ’70 ai secolului al XIX-lea [Articol]
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Înființarea tovărășiilor rurale de credit agricol reciproc în Basarabia în anii ᾿70 ai secolului al XIX-lea a fost un proces complex și contradictoriu, care s-a confruntat cu o serie de provocări și dificultăți, datorate atât cadrului general imperial, cât și celui cu specific regional. În primul rând, guvernul rus a oferit o asistență insuficientă tovărășiilor agricole, ceea ce a condus la un deficit de resurse financiare și materiale. Totodată, predominarea elementului moșieresc în rândul deputaților zemstvei, în mod specific viziunea clasei nobiliare asupra proceselor socio-economice, a avut un impact important asupra felului cum a fost conceput și organizat întregul proces. Pe de altă parte, mulți țărani erau reticenți să-și pună la comun resursele, temându-se de pierderea controlului asupra pământului lor, fapt ce a îngreunat procesul de înființare a tovărășiilor. Mai mult, lipsa de educație și de experiență a țăranilor a redus folosirea creditelor contractate la achiziția tehnicii agricole moderne – scopul primar al tovărășiilor, ei creditându-se, cu precădere, pentru a-și acoperi subzistența.
The establishment of rural mutual agricultural credit brotherhoods in Bessarabia in the 1870s was a complex and contradictory process, which faced a series of challenges and difficulties, due to both the general imperial and the regional specific context. First of all, the Russian government provided insufficient assistance to the agricultural societies, which led to a shortage of financial and material resources. At the same time, the predominance of the landowner element among the zemstvo deputies, namely the noble class᾿ vision of socio-economic processes, had a significant impact on the way the entire process was conceived and organized. On the other hand, many peasants were reluctant to pool their resources, fearing the loss of control over their land, which made the process of establishing the societies difficult. Moreover, the lack of education and experience of the peasants reduced the use of taken loans on purchase of modern agricultural equipment – the primary goal of the brotherhoods, as they borrowed mainly to cover their subsistence.
The establishment of rural mutual agricultural credit brotherhoods in Bessarabia in the 1870s was a complex and contradictory process, which faced a series of challenges and difficulties, due to both the general imperial and the regional specific context. First of all, the Russian government provided insufficient assistance to the agricultural societies, which led to a shortage of financial and material resources. At the same time, the predominance of the landowner element among the zemstvo deputies, namely the noble class᾿ vision of socio-economic processes, had a significant impact on the way the entire process was conceived and organized. On the other hand, many peasants were reluctant to pool their resources, fearing the loss of control over their land, which made the process of establishing the societies difficult. Moreover, the lack of education and experience of the peasants reduced the use of taken loans on purchase of modern agricultural equipment – the primary goal of the brotherhoods, as they borrowed mainly to cover their subsistence.
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EMILCIUC, Andrei. Înființarea tovărășiilor rurale de credit agricol reciproc în preocupările zemstvei din Basarabia în anii ’70 ai secolului al XIX-lea. Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe Umanistice, 2025, nr. 10(220), pp. 14-23. ISSN 1811-2668. Disponibil: https://doi.org/10.59295/sum10(220)2025_02