Școala primară din Basarabia în vâltoarea evenimentelor din anii 1905-1907 [Articol]

Abstract

The transition period from one century to another (19th to 20th century) highlighted the discrepancy between the real needs of Bessarabian society and the level of development of education. At the beginning of the 20th century, the public education system was subject to policies that were eminently unadjusted to the new realities. Without taking into account the vital needs of the region, inoperative templates were applied, specific to the entire area of the Russian Empire, but which disadvantaged the local Bessarabian public education system. The revolutionary events of 1905-07 brought to light a series of existing problems within Bessarabian education and the courageous attempts of local authorities and educators to identify optimal solutions. A number of specialists in the field tried to provide an objective diagnosis and effective recipes to adjust the Bessarabian school to the imperatives of integration into a competitive socio-economic environment. In this context, the identification of school experiences in the rhythm of the era is invaluable. Based on published and unpublished sources, period documents, reports of the zemstva and school inspectors, the study in question proposes an examination and evaluation of the experience and affirmed practices of the school and education in Bessarabia at the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of our research is to evaluate the performances and failures of education and training in a historical period tumultuous by revolutionary events. The relevance of the research will help us formulate certain methodological benchmarks for a viable concept of an educational reform project. We consider pertinent and extremely useful not only to familiarize ourselves with the affirmed practices, but also to disseminate the positive school experience accumulated during the historical course of the researched period. Resulting from the originality and importance of the problem addressed, it will open the way for us to know and understand the processes and phenomena in Bessarabian society during the researched period. The elucidation of current socio-political and ideological processes can only be possible through ingenious research that would provide an in-depth knowledge of their genesis, anchored in the historical past of Bessarabia. Modern methods, techniques and concepts (analysis and synthesis) of qualitative research will successfully handle the problem addressed. It will contribute to the enrichment of current theoretical visions, regarding school and education in Bessarabia at the beginning of the 20th century.