Institutul de Istorie
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Item ROLUL MEDICALIZĂRII ÎN GESTIONAREA CALITĂȚII VIEȚII OMULUI(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Şargu, ElenaTechnological and scientific progress in medical activity has contributed to revolutionizing the methods of treating diseases, which has generated disputes and dilemmas at the social and individual level. It is certain that medicalization involves a complex set of interests, rules and how society perceives disease, health, quality of life. Within the correlation between the phenomenon of medicalization and society, a co-relation of partnership is found, given the fact that medicalization aims at the human condition, having an impact on all stages of the individual's life.Item PRINCIPIUL AUTONOMIEI, DREPT SUBIECT AL VULNERABILITĂȚII DEȚINUTULUI(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Cojocaru, ViorelThe habitat deprived of freedom has generated various problems and topics of bioethical content, a fact that aims to improve the quality of life and health of the detainee. A problem that deserves deep research is the contrast between the detainee's autonomy and his depersonalization during the detention period. This aspect conditions the person deprived of liberty to an increased degree of vulnerability. On the other hand, maximizing the detainee's autonomy would come into direct conflict with one of the purposes of the penitentiary institution: deprivation of physical freedom and conditioning of a certain lifestyle.Item INTERPRETĂRI ETICE PRIVIND VULNERABILITATEA LUCRĂTORULUI MEDICAL(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Banari, IonThe approaches regarding the vulnerability of the people involved in the medical act are centered, predominantly, on the patient. The healthcare worker is usually interpreted as a powerful person who has the duty to care and treat. Of course, the patient's illness, his mental sensitivities, the information received from the doctor regarding the state of health can generate various forms of vulnerability. But we cannot overlook the fact that overcoming the vulnerable circumstances of the patient through professional, moral and communication skills of the doctor involved overwork, extended work schedule, obsession with perfection, low resistance to stress, etc., which generates the appearance of Burnout syndrome and affects the person of the doctor, becoming physically, emotionally and cognitively vulnerable. This fact cannot be admitted, because the doctor's vulnerability also influences the quality of medical services. The present communication is focused on two issues: the first involves a synthesis of typologies of human vulnerability to identify particularities in the healthcare worker; the second assumes an ethical approach to these particularities, providing moral conditions for preventing the various contexts that present the doctor as vulnerable.Item REGÂNDIREA CONCEPTULUI DE VULNERABILITATE: UNELE CONTRIBUȚII BIOETICE(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Rubanovici, LudmilaThe issues is concerning to the inerrancy of conflicts in the changes that occur in contemporary society. However, social conflicts and changes influence each other and depending on the availability and openness of social institutions, the transformations towards which society tries to capitalize on them are carried out. Thus, knowing the state of society through the metamorphoses that take place in the evolution of conflicts is more than welcome. In this context, theoretical landmarks are identified and conceptualized, starting with the review through the reference concepts. We discuss not only the evolution of concepts: social conflict or society, but also that of the knowledge-based society. All the more so since the latter as a component of the Information Age also contributes to the crossing of borders and produces imbalance in the relationship between the internal and external factors.Item ROLUL FILOSOFIEI ÎN FORMAREA COMPETENȚELOR – CHEIE (TRANSVERSALE) FORMATE ÎN SISTEMUL EDUCAȚIONAL DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Inglis, IuliaThe formation of the key (transversal) competences formed in the national educational system is a complex process, which requires the creation of effective didactic conditions and strategies on the part of the philosophy teacher, through which emphasis is placed on learning by action. Studying philosophy enables the formation of key (transversal) skills and focuses on the following values and attitudes: critical and divergent thinking; availability for dialogue and debate; curiosity and interest in learning; consistency and rigor in thought and action; awareness of personal identity, acceptance of diversity and positive valuing of differences; solidarity and taking responsibility for personal deeds.Item KAIROS ÎN TIPOLOGIA CULTURII ȘI CONCEPTUL DE MODEL NOICASIAN(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Panfil, VeraThe definition of the concept of culture in correlation with the notion of civilization were used by the scientists in the period of western enlightening and romanticism at the origin of which there are the anthropology researchers: Edward Tylor, Conte de Gobineau, Georges de Lapouge, Eugen Pittard, Otto Ammon, Will Durant, Iu. M. Lotman, Max Weber, Eduard Meyer. The methodology of the culture science exercises a complex study in the determination of another type of culture – civic culture reflected in G. Almond’s and S. Verba’s studies about a modern realistic pluralistic culture bazed on the communication and persuasion, a consuming and diversity culture. This research confirms the actuality of the study of the cultural model through the democratic cultural criteria and the prism of the convenient time – KAIROS and the characteristics of a democratic personality. This research is profoundly elaborated on the basis of the theories of domain in the Romanian philosophy of C. Radulescu-Motru about politicianism and the formation of the interiorized and not exteriorized culture manifested by objects and materials, taking into consideration the scientific-psycologic conception about the valne of the soul in the importance of culture. This scientific novelty inaugurated by C. Radulescu-Motru is exactly in unison with the cultural model given by C. Noika about the unity of social conscience and that of the soul of the culture that considers that foreign culture imported from aboard can’t substitute the real consciencios culture of the society. In such a way we confirm the convenient moment (kairos) in the importance of the cultural model to which the people adhere as to a essential factor in its flourishing development and its affirmation in an universal plan. It is mentioned the contribution of philosopher T. Vianu about the cultural will and the cultural values determined as a cultural act that develops the general notion of culture with the scientific novelty of two essential components: „cultural will” and „faith”. „The genesis of the culture forms” is reflected on the basis of P. P. Negulescu’s worhs, elucidation of cultural anthropology – through the prism of anthropologist Șt. L. Mureshanu, the cultural constitutive elements from „The Introduction of the philosophy of culture” of A. Dragomir, St. Covalschi, G. Liiceanu. We resort to the interpretation of the culture types by Lucian Blaga („The Thriology of Culture”) about the „minor” cultures (ethnographical) and „major” (monumental) ones.Item PERSPECTIVA FILOSOFICĂ CU PRIVIRE LA SECURITATEA SOCIALĂ ÎN CONTEXT BELIGERANT(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Tamara, MartinSecurity has always been an important term in people's lives and needs throughout the ages. Maslov’s pyramid shows us that the need for security is the next step after physio-logical needs. Essentially, security has to do with the presence of peace, safety, enjoyment, and protection of human and physical resources or the absence of crisis or threats to human dignity, all of which facilitate the development and progress of any human society.Item O ABORDARE ETICĂ A RELAȚIEI MEDIC-PACIENT ÎNTR- UN CADRU AL VULNERABILITĂȚII(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Ojovan, Ala; Ojovanu, VitalieThe doctor-patient relationship has an important role in the success of the medical act. Vulnerability constitutes a specific state of the human person which, by its scope and diversity, can be characterized as a social-medical phenomenon. Medication has a special character in the case of the contingent of vulnerable patients. This fact also determines current ethical topics.Item O SCURTĂ INTRODUCERE ÎN FUNDAMENTELE FILOSOFICE ȘI IMPLICAȚIILE CRYPTO-VIITORULUI(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Bodean, NicolaeHumanity has probably always wanted a direct, automated and incorruptible connection with the divinity or the universe in which it lives. Thus, between this aspiration and everyday reality various explanations and solutions for navigating reality have emerged, from superstition and religion to philosophy and science. One of the proposed solutions in contemporary technological conditions is blockchain which represents an encrypted, decentralized and universally accessible database. Which comes as a response to both contemporary realities and aspirations as well as pre-existing solutions and concepts. Broadly, the crypto-future remains to be debated between the same two directions libertarianism and anarchism.Item A VORBI DESPRE CEEA CE SE ÎNTÂMPLĂ: DOUĂ POZIȚII DISCURSIVE(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Cosmescu, AlexandruIn the present paper, I propose a phenomenological approach to several modes of “speaking about what is happening”, a form of activity that is fundamentally constitutive of our way of being. Using the Heideggerian framework of speech as disclosure, I emphasize the role of idle talk – an inauthentic form of speech – in shaping the ways in which we relate to our situation. When what is happening becomes a reason for polarization within the community, based on the “imperative to have an informed position”, the discursive position of the “expert” almost takes the proportions of a savior: the expert, with an assumed background, can speak about something happening without the need of us seeing it for ourselves and making our own minds. Moreover, the expert speaks from their expertise about something happening now – that is, the status of their discourse is not that of research (which might lead to a form of disclosure), but approaches the status of idle talk itself, especially when the expert is increasingly invited to speak without a personal familiarity with the matters they speak about. I contrast this discursive position with that of the witness: a witness, unlike an expert, is legitimized by their presence when something was happening, not by a special training. Moreover, the witness’s testimony does not pretend to “form a clear view about something”, but comes from a being-unsettled, and can be just as unsettling for its addressee.