Browsing by Author "Port, Angela"

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ASPECTE PRIVIND ESTIMAREA GRADULUI DE STERILITATE A LINIILOR DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Leviţchi, Alexei; Rotaru, Tudor
Monitoring of the seed quality at different stages of plant breeding at sunflower represents a very important element in obtaining high yield hybrids based onCMS-Rfgenetic system. Sunflower represents a protandric plant with a single terminal inflorescence which contains 700-3000 individual hermaphrodite flowers, exposed on the calathidium, making manual emasculation almost impossible. That’s why the utilization of the male sterility was indispensable and necessary for the obtaining of the high level of hybridization at all the stages of sunflower breeding. Wide utilization of maternal lines, with cytoplasmic male sterility, and of paternal lines, with fertility restoring genes Rf, lead to the necessity to observe the stability and homogeneity of parental genotypes.Thus, for the paternal genotypes it is important to verify the presence and the stare of Rf genes, but maintaining male sterility is verified by the level of sterility control. Utilization of PCR-based methods with specific primers allows controlling genotype quality.
ASPECTE PRIVIND IMPACTUL POLUĂRII ASUPRA UNOR SPECII DE ARBORI DIN CINCI ZONE ALE mun. CHIŞINĂU
(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Glijin, Aliona; Teleuţă, Alexandru; Casapu, Olga
To date an unprecedented, rapid change in environmental conditionsis observed, which is likely to override the adaptive potential of plants, especially that of tree species with their long reproductive cycles. These environmental changes mainly originate from anthropogenic activities, which have caused air and soil pollution, acid precipitation, soil degradation, salinity, increasing UV-B radiation, climatechange, etc. Some of these stress factors may fluctuate signifi-cantly in intensity and duration on time scales of hours, days, seasons, or years;others may change slowly and gradually affect plant growth conditions. The aim of this review was to investigate the physiological response of three species of trees Acer platanoides L; Populus nigra and Aesculus hippocastanum L. from five sites zones with different pollution. There were analysed the following indices: dry weight and total water quantity, chlorophylls, carotenes and total proteins amount that gradually were affected. The significant variations of chlorophylls concentration demonstrate that the photosynthetic system is highly sensible to pollution factors. In conclusion, according to our assays the studied species of trees are stress tolerant to pollutants and can be used as bioindicators.
DIFFERENTIAL GENES EXPRESSION UNDER ANTERO- AND RETROGRADE CONTROL IN SUNFLOWER MICROSPOROGENESIS
(CEP USM, 2022-09-29) Port, Angela
EARLY GIBBERELLIN RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH STAMENS DEVELOPMENT IN SUNFLOWER
(CEP USM, 2021) Port, Angela
This study was funded by the project of the State Program 20.80009.5107.01 - Genetico- molecular and biotechnological studies of the sunflower in the context of sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems
EARLY GIBBERELLIN RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH STAMENS DEVELOPMENT IN SUNFLOWER
(CEP USM, 2021) Port, Angela
Different stresses induced by the climatic changes reorganize the cellular signaling pathways, resulting in new gene expression profiles and metabolome that ensure the plant adaptive responses. The microsporogenesis, compared to other stages of development, is highly regulated reproductive processes, much more susceptible to environmental and endogenous inputs. Male sterile phenotype could be a result of inappropriate perception and transduction of gibberellins signals, the hormone known to promotes the reproductive development through multiple interacting pathways in regulating gene transcription. The comparative transcriptomic data of different physiological states facilitates the understanding of the importance of GA action on flowering plant fertility and the triggers of the defective anthers / pollen development. Two genetic models, CMS-Rf system (Drofa F1 and their parental lines) and nearisonuclear lines (fertile SW501 line and its CMS-PET1 analogue) of which plants was treated with GA3 at developing inflorescence buds stage (to induce male sterile phenotype) were analyzed. The inflorescence buds 2, 4, 8, 24, 36 hours following hormonal treatment and stamens at different stages of microsporogenesis were subjected to microscopically and Realtime PCR analyses of genes/ESTs involved in meiosis, oxidative systems, cell signaling, energetic and hormonal metabolism, mitochondrial functionality, apoptosis. The Real-time PCR experiments that were aimed to identify early GA-regulated genes by comparative analyzing the gene expression profile in different fertile genotypes and with cytoplasmic male sterility in the presence or absence of GA treatment allowed us to identify differential changes in transcripts accumulation starting 2 hours following hormonal treatment. The differential expression of genes induced by gibberellin in inflorescence bud in premeiosis is analyzed in association with the assays of pollen development that revealed 80-90% of meiocytes disrupted in pachytene and arrested during following meiotic divisions in CMS anthers and various abnormalities, chromosome aberrations (delayed chromosomes, chromosome bridges, chromosome laggards, micronuclei, stickiness chromosomes) in microsporogenesis stages of plants with induced sterility. The obtained data revealed various genes expression profiles related to sterility type and genetic background. Many of the studied genes/ESTs are gibberellin responsive from the first hours after exogenous treatment. Reported evidences may lead to new investigations to gain further understanding in this field
FACTORI DE TRANSCRIPȚIE IMPLICAȚI ÎN RĂSPUNSUL FLORII-SOARELUI LA ACȚIUNEA LUPOIAEI
(2022) Duca, Maria; Martea, Rodica; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana
The present research is focused on bioinformatics and genes expression analysis aiming to elucidate new aspects of resistance mechanisms in the experimental model of the sunflower-broomrape interaction. The qPCR analysis of WHY1, TGA2 and TGA5 transcription factors revealed transient, oscillating changes in the accumulation of mRNA in plants cultivated in the absence and presence of pathogen in dynamics. The highest level of relative ex- pression of WHY1 factor was attested in the roots of host plant during the stage of aerial shoots development (67 days), contrary to factors belonging to TGA family, which showed minimal values of the relative expression at the same stage of development. In the most of cases WHY1, TGA2 and TGA5 genes were found to be suppressed in the roots of sunflower-resistant genotypes under biotic stress. The higher number of gene interactions is due to co-expression in the case of WHY1 (93.68 %) and the presence of common protein domains in the case of TGA family factors (70 %). Associations between the NPR1 gene with TGA2 (46 connections) and TGA5 (33 interactions) have also been identified. The highest fluctuations in the level of relative expression of the NPR1 gene (key element in the manifestation of plant resistance) are found in the sensitive genotype Performer, in the case of noninfested plants and in resistant hybrid PR64LE20 under biotic stress.
ISSR AND SSR MARKERS IN ASSESSING GENETIC DIVERSITY OF OROBANCHE CUMANA
(Институт Цитологии и генетики СО РАН, 2021-06-14) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana; Martea, Rodica; Mutu, Aurelia
MOŞTENIREA GENELOR Rf LA DIVERSE GENOTIPURI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
(CEP USM, 2010) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Midoni, Andrei; Anisimova, Irina; Rotaru, Tudor
Research on four sources of pollen fertility restoration (I1-I3, F1, F2 şi BC1) revealed that this character was controlledin three cases (Drofa, Valentino and Sumbred 254) by one single dominant gene and in one case (Xenia) by two non-allelic dominant genes Rf
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS OF BROOMRAPE GENETIC DIVERSITY
(CEP USM, 2021) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Martea, Rodica
Genetic diversity is the variation of heritable characteristics in a population, which can results from evolution, mutation, migration, domestication, natural selection and plant breeding. For the genetic diversity analysis are widely used the multivariate data from multiple measurements at morphological, biochemical and molecular level on each investigated individual. The cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) are most commonly employed and appear particularly useful. The aim of these investigations was to evaluate the efficiency of multivariate statistical algorithms in the analysis of genetic relationships among 39 broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr) populations from three regions (Nord, Centre and South) of Republic of Moldova. The clustering (AHC, UPGMA) and multivariate methods (PCoA, PCA) have been tested with different data distributions (quantitative and binary) of various type of variables (the length, width of seeds and their ratio, molecular data obtained via simple sequence repeats and inter simple sequence repeats markers). The applying of different approaches for data analysis led to a different ranking of the genetic and environmental factors, which are important in identification of race composition and distribution of broomrape on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. So, the results achieved by cluster (UPMGA) and PCo analyses on the molecular data, highlight the geographic origin of populations, while the cluster analysis (AHC) of morphological data revealed the contribution of different climatic conditions for geographical distribution of parasite. Since each of these data sets and different methods of analyses provide different types of information, the choice of analytical methods depends on the objectives of the experiment and the available technological resources. With increases in the sample size of accessions, the identification of genetic variability and the classification of biological material have considerable significance. Knowledge about genetic diversity and relationships among individuals may be an invaluable aid in plant conservation and breeding.
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS OF BROOMRAPE GENETIC DIVERSITY
(CEP USM, 2021) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Martea, Rodica
Performanţa hibrizilor de floarea-soarelui în diverse condiţii de mediu ale Republicii Moldova
(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana; Mutu, Ana; Burcovschi, Ion
The rising frequency of suboptimal temperatures and early droughts hinder the genetic potential realization of sunflower hybrids, posing challenges in achieving stable harvest yields. It was analyzed the harvest of 21 hybrids grown in 5 localities of the Republic of Moldova in correlation with the annual amount of precipitation from 2015-2020. The variation of the yield according to the genotype of the studied hybrids and the impact of the conditions in the growing environment were highlighted.
PLANTELE MEDICINALE DIN FLORA SPONTANĂ A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ASPECTE MODERNE DE CERCETARE
(Gradina Botanică (Institut) a AŞM, 2011) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Muller-Uri, Frieder; Leviţchi, Alexe; Budeanu, Oleg; Mârza, Mihai; Munteanu, Viorel; Ţapu, Lucia
Medical plants represent an important resource of vegetal drugs and biological active compounds. Nowadays, it is recommended to integrate application of traditional medicine with modern one, especially regarding scientifi c research and assessment of natural drugs. Usage of local plants in medicine is a prospective and economically important direction. Flora of Republic of Moldova includes a vast diversity of species with opportunity to be applied in treatment of cardiovascular diseases, infections, oncology etc. But, for their exploitation it is necessary to apply modern technologies of research, which generates new knowledge for rational breeding of medical plants, extraction of pharmacologic substances and drug production. Articles present a synthesis of information on medicinal plants found in Moldova, biological aspects of their care. It evaluated the potential number of species and the posibility to store them in a database. One of the prospects for recovery of plant genetic fund may be provided by genotyping of medicinal plants by molecular biology techniques and bioinformatics analysis.
POLIMORFISMUL BIOCHIMIC LA PLANTELE GENULUI MENTHA
(CEP USM, 2012) Ciobanu, Vasile; Pisov, Maria; Rezinciuc, Svetlana; Port, Angela; Duca, Maria; Reva, Veaceslav; Clapco, Steliana
Electrophoretic protein profiles, oil composition and morphological traits were used to study the genetic diversity of wild-growing Mentha spicata and four hybrids from the collection of mint of the Moldova State University. It was found out that forms with different origin and morphological peculiarities are characterized by a similar essential oil composition, rich in the carvone 60-65% and menthol 58-70%. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed 30 polypeptide components with relative molecular weights in a range of 14,15-90,0 kDa, which showed molecular heterogeneity average of 43%. A negative correlation was found among morphological parameters (inflorescence, leaf and plant length) of Mentha spicata and quantity of the main terpenoid - carvone. Also, a more pronounced protein polymorphism was established in the wild-growing form.
POLIMORFISMUL RAPD-PCR LA PLANTELE GENULUI MENTHA
(CEP USM, 2012) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Rezinciuc, Svetlana; Clapco, Steliana; Ciobanu, Vasile; Pisov, Maria
In this study, the genetic diversity of one wild-growing form of Mentha spicata and four hybrids from the collection of mint of Moldova State University has been evaluated with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The highest level of molecular polymorphism was ascertained in wild-growing Mentha spicata. These results are important for the exploitation of new genetic materials of Mentha in plant amelioration and selection of genotypes with superior quality.
SOME PHYLOGENETIC ASPECTS OF DECORATIVE FISHES BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL 12S AND 16S rDNA GENES
(CEP USM, 2008) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Toderaş, Ion; Ciobanu, Lucia
În lucrare sunt prezentate unele aspecte de analiză filogenetică a unor specii de peşti decorativi în baza procentului de similaritate a genelor mitocondriale 12S şi 16S rADN, fiind utilizată metoda PCR cu primeri specifici şi informaţia din baza de date NCBI, inclusiv programul CLUSTAL W. Analiza comparativă a pus în evidenţă cel mai înalt grad de omologie a genelor:12S–94% şi 16S–92% la Trichogaster trichopterus şi Trichogaster leerii din ordinul Perciformes. În cazul speciei Platydoras costatus, ordinul Silusiformes,s-au constatat cele mai mari divergenţe pentru ambele gene studiate.
TRĂSĂTURI MORFO-FIZIOLOGICE ASOCIATE TOLERANȚEI LA SECETĂ LA CULTURA DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
(CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Port, Angela; Mutu, Ana; Martea, Rodica
Drought affects the growth and development of plants, inhibits the absorption of nutrients from the soil, significantly reducing crop productivity. Water deficit reduces the size and mass of organs in Helianthus annuus L. plants, such as leaves, stems, head diameter, simultaneously affecting the parameters associated with productivity, such as number and weight of total and full seeds per head, hectoliter mass, 1000-seeds weight. One of the main strategies to reduce the negative impact of drought is the creation and introduction into culture of genotypes characterized by tolerance to water deficit. The present work includes an analyzes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) phenotypic responses to drought stress and revealing of some morpho-physiological traits, which can be used r for germplasm screening. Each of the applied methodologies, in addition to the obvious advantages, has a series of limitations that create impediments in the correct assessment of genotypes. In this context, integration of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits with genetico-molecular approaches and involvement of different analysis tools (correlational, ANOVA, PCA) are recommended for efficient screening and development sunflower hybrids adapted to drought stress.