Browsing by Author "Mutu, Ana"

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ABORDĂRI METODOLOGICE ÎN STUDIUL STRESULUI HIDRIC LA PLANTE
(CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Mutu, Ana; Martea, Rodica
Seceta afectează semnificativ creșterea și dezvoltarea plantelor, având un impact negativ asupra productivității culturilor și, respectiv, asupra securității alimentare la nivel mondial. Pentru a prezice răspunsul culturilor agricole la încălzirea globală ulterioară și deficitul de apă și a elabora strategii eficiente de gestionare a riscurilor este nevoie să se înțeleagă, la diverse nivele de organizare, procesele care determină toleranța la mediile nefavorabile. În acest context este important de a folosi modele adecvate de inducere a stresului hidric și de evaluare a reacției de răspuns. Lucrarea prezintă o descriere succintă a abordărilor metodologice utilizate în studiile stresului hidric la plante (experiențe de câmp, sere, laborator; modele experimentale cu utilizarea diferitor tipuri de substraturi; metode distincte de inducere a deficitului de apă), reflectă particularitățile, avantajele și limitările acestora și pune în evidență importanța combinării și adaptării metodelor de analiză în funcție de specia studiată, de mediu și de obiectivele cercetării.
ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR VARIANCE (AMOVA) OF OROBANCHE CUMANA POPULATIONS
(CEP USM, 2022-09-29) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Bivol, Ina
EFFICIENCY OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS IN GENOTYPING OF OROBANCHE CUMANA POPULATIONS
(Iasi University of Life Sciences, 2021-10-21) Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana; Duca, Maria
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers are widely dispersed across the genome, have a codominant and multiallelic nature, high variability and informativeness, and a specific chromosomal location. For this reason, they are playing a significant role in different fundamental and applicable fields, including genetic studies at the individual, population, species levels, and molecular breeding programs. In this study, the utility of 15 microsatellite markers in discrimination of 33 Orobanche cumana (broomrape) populations from different geographical locations was assessed: Republic of Moldova (11 populations), Romania (1), Bulgaria (4), Serbia (7), Turkey (7) and China (3). The PCR amplification products obtained showed differences by number and size depending on the markers used (3 and 16 alleles). A total of 110 alleles with fragment sizes ranged from 76-343 bp were determined. The evaluation of the genetic polymorphism of SSR markers was performed by the effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) with an average of 5.31, Polymorphic Information Content index (PIC) – 0.75, Nei's genetic diversity index (H) – 0.78 and, Resolving Power index (Rp) – 5.79. High values of all indices revealed the significant informative capacity and effectiveness of markers studied. At the same time, most markers showed PIC values higher than 0.5, indicating a high polymorphism in O. cumana populations. Seven microsatellite markers (Ocum-052, Ocum-059, Ocum-074, Ocum-081, Ocum-087, Ocum-196, Ocum-197) were selected based on the analyzed statistical parameters, suggesting that these markers can efficiently measure genetic diversity in broomrape. Based on the Rp index and PIC values of these 15 SSR markers, genetic diversity of Turkish (Rp: 4.774; PIC: 0,722) and Moldavian (Rp: 4.394; PIC: 0,716) Orobanche cumana populations was higher than in other populations. However, the studied microsatellite (SSR) markers system characterized very well the genetic structure of all O. cumana populations included in this study. Selected markers could eventually be useful for breeders and sunflower seed producers to improve their control strategies for this parasitic plant.
EFICIENȚA UNOR MARCHERI MOLECULARI ÎN DISCRIMINAREA POPULAȚIILOR DE LUPOAIE ORIGINARE DIN CHINA
(Tipografia „Print Caro”, 2021) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Bivol, Ina; Clapco, Steliana
In this study, the effectiveness of different types of molecular markers in assessing genetic diversity of populations of O. cumana from China was determined. ISSR and SSR markers detected different levels of genetic variability among and within broomrape populations. SSR markers analysis showed high level of genetic variation within the populations as revealed by high average values of Nei's gene diversity (H=0,75) and Shannon's information index (I=1,44), while genotyping with ISSR markers showed greater ability to discriminate genotypes according to Resolving power (Rp=7,24). Thus, the combined use of ISSR and SSR markers allowed the detection of higher polymorphism than either set of marker alone.
EXPANSION AND DIVERSITY OF THE BROOMRAPE RACES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
(CEP USM, 2022-09-29) Martea, Rodica; Mutu, Ana; Gîscă, Ion
GENOTIPAREA POPULAȚIILOR DE OROBANCHE CUMANA Wallr. CU MARCHERI MICROSATELIȚI SSR
(CEP USM, 2022) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana
Lucrarea a vizat evaluarea diversității genetice în cadrul a 33 de populații de lupoaie (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) cu origine geografică diferită, prin genotiparea cu 14 marcheri microsateliți SSR. Majoritatea marcherilor (Ocum-052, Ocum-059, Ocum-070, Ocum-081, Ocum-087, Ocum-160, Ocum-196 și Ocum-197) au pus în evidență o diversitate accentuată atât la nivel inter-, intrapopulațional, cât și regional. În cadrul populațiilor de lupoaie investigate a fost relevată prezența a 153 de profile molecular-genetice și a 98 de alele. Lungimea secvențelor nucleotidice SSR amplificate a variat de la 76 la 343 pb. Populațiile de lupoaie din Taraclia, Svetlîi, Izbiște, Căzănești, Prepelița, Congaz (Republica Moldova), Radnevo, Rosenova (Bulgaria), Hohott (China), Keșan, Merkez, Tracia (Turcia) și OR-SR43 (Serbia) s-au remarcat printr-un nivel ridicat de variabilitate genetică intrapopulațională. Populațiile provenite din Bulgaria și Serbia, după numărul de profile moleculare (1-3) și media numărului total de alele (3,67 – Bulgaria; 3,63 – Serbia) s-au dovedit a fi relativ mai omogene comparativ cu cele colectate din Republica Moldova (1-10 profile; media – 3,82), Turcia (1-6 profile; media – 4,02) și China (1-9 profile; media – 4,72).
INTERPOPULATION RELATEDNESS OF O. CUMANA BELONGING TO DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
(CEP USM, 2022-11-10) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana
Performanţa hibrizilor de floarea-soarelui în diverse condiţii de mediu ale Republicii Moldova
(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana; Mutu, Ana; Burcovschi, Ion
The rising frequency of suboptimal temperatures and early droughts hinder the genetic potential realization of sunflower hybrids, posing challenges in achieving stable harvest yields. It was analyzed the harvest of 21 hybrids grown in 5 localities of the Republic of Moldova in correlation with the annual amount of precipitation from 2015-2020. The variation of the yield according to the genotype of the studied hybrids and the impact of the conditions in the growing environment were highlighted.
STUDIES OF BROOMRAPE POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED GENETIC DIVERSITY
(CEP USM, 2021) Bivol, Ina; Mutu, Ana
In the present investigation an effort was made to identify of broomrape races originating from China and study the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds and also the molecular markers. The racial status of the analyzed populations was established, also two races of broomrape were identified: race G (Ch1 population from Inner Mongolia and Ch3 from Hebei) and race H (Ch2 from Inner Mongolia) using internationally recognized a set of differential Or homozygotes lines. Comparative analyzes on the morphometric characteristics of broomrape seeds performed by descriptive statistical analysis and correlative association revealed significant differences in seed length (Ch1 and Ch3) and length/width ratio (Ch3 and Ch4 from Xianjiang), which is an indication of the moderate level of interpopulation variability. In the case of assess of the intrapopulation variability level, depending on the coefficient of variation of the analyzed parameter, the relatively homogeneous (Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4) and relatively heterogeneous (Ch1) populations were identified. Genetic variability between and within some broomrape populations from different regions of China was also explored using 15 SSR and 14 ISSR markers. SSR and ISSR markers utility was evaluated by calculating the polymorphism information content, observed and effective number of alleles, Nei's and Shannon diversity index, number and percentage of polymorphic loci. The high intrapopulation genetic variability was revealed by SSR markers while as for the ISSR primers a high degree of genetic variations was found at the interpopulation level. UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis performed according to ISSR and SSR/ISSR data set allowed to clearly distinguished all the broomrape populations for geographical origin and their racial origin while, in the case of SSR markers did not find this type of correlation. In conclusion, although the morphological markers were not found better than molecular, after all a combination of both markers would be highly efficient in detecting genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis among different populations of Orobanche cumana.
STUDIES OF BROOMRAPE POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED GENETIC DIVERSITY
(CEP USM, 2021) Bivol, Ina; Mutu, Ana
In the present investigation an effort was made to identify of broomrape races originating from China and study the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds and also the molecular markers
TRĂSĂTURI MORFO-FIZIOLOGICE ASOCIATE TOLERANȚEI LA SECETĂ LA CULTURA DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
(CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Port, Angela; Mutu, Ana; Martea, Rodica
Drought affects the growth and development of plants, inhibits the absorption of nutrients from the soil, significantly reducing crop productivity. Water deficit reduces the size and mass of organs in Helianthus annuus L. plants, such as leaves, stems, head diameter, simultaneously affecting the parameters associated with productivity, such as number and weight of total and full seeds per head, hectoliter mass, 1000-seeds weight. One of the main strategies to reduce the negative impact of drought is the creation and introduction into culture of genotypes characterized by tolerance to water deficit. The present work includes an analyzes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) phenotypic responses to drought stress and revealing of some morpho-physiological traits, which can be used r for germplasm screening. Each of the applied methodologies, in addition to the obvious advantages, has a series of limitations that create impediments in the correct assessment of genotypes. In this context, integration of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits with genetico-molecular approaches and involvement of different analysis tools (correlational, ANOVA, PCA) are recommended for efficient screening and development sunflower hybrids adapted to drought stress.
VARIABILITATEA UNOR POPULAȚII DE LUPOAIE ORIGINARE DIN CHINA. MORFOMETRIA ȘI IDENTIFICAREA RASELOR (I)
(Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2021) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Stetlana; Wang, Chao
The article is a synthesis of some studies on the identification of broomrape races originating from China and the determination of the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds. The racial status of the analyzed populations was established, also two races of broomrape were identified: race G (Ch1 from Inner Mongolia and Ch3 from HeBei) and race H (Ch2 from Inner Mongolia) using internationally recognized differential Or homosygous lines set. Comparative analyses on the morphometric characteristics of broomrape revealed significant differences in seed Length (Ch1 and Ch3 populations, race G) and Length/width ratio (Ch3 and Ch4), which is an indication of the moderate level of interpopulation variability. In the case of assess of the intrapopulation variability level, the relatively homogeneous (Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4) and relatively heterogeneous (Ch1) populations were identified. According to the coefficient of variation, the population Ch2 identified as H broomrape race has distinguished as the most homogeneous for the investigated biometric indices of the seeds. The moderate positive correlations (between Length and width seed, between seed length and L/w ratio), the strong positive correlations (between Length and L/w ratio) and also the strong negative correlations (between width and L/w ratio) were established. The results obtained through Pearson coefficient revealed the discrimination of populations by region.
VARIABILITATEA UNOR POPULAȚII DE LUPOAIE ORIGINARE DIN CHINA. MORFOMETRIA ȘI IDENTIFICAREA RASELOR (I)
(Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2021) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana; Bivol, Ina; Wang, Chao
The article is a synthesis of some studies on the identification of broomrape races originating from China and the determination of the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds. The racial status of the analyzed populations was established, also two races of broomrape were identified: race G (Ch1 from Inner Mongolia and Ch3 from HeBei) and race H (Ch2 from Inner Mongolia) using internationally recognized differential Or homosygous lines set. Comparative analyses on the morphometric characteristics of broomrape revealed significant differences in seed Length (Ch1 and Ch3 populations, race G) and Length/width ratio (Ch3 and Ch4), which is an indication of the moderate level of interpopulation variability. In the case of assess of the intrapopulation variability level, the relatively homogeneous (Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4) and relatively heterogeneous (Ch1) populations were identified. According to the coefficient of variation, the population Ch2 identified as H broomrape race has distinguished as the most homogeneous for the investigated biometric indices of the seeds. The moderate positive correlations (between Length and width seed, between seed length and L/w ratio), the strong positive correlations (between Length and L/w ratio) and also the strong negative correlations (between width and L/w ratio) were established. The results obtained through Pearson coefficient revealed the discrimination of populations by region.