Browsing by Author "Gavzer, Svetlana"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

ACTIVITATEA ANTIFUNGICĂ A NOILOR DERIVAȚI VINIL- TRIAZOLICI CĂTRE FUSARIUM CULMORUM (W.G. SM.) SACC IN VITRO
(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Lucian; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, Nicolae; Lupaşcu, Galina; Stîngaci, Eugenia; Zveaghinţeva, Marina; Sucman, Natalia; Macaev, Fliur
Objectives: identification of new compounds with antifungal activity for the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum. Methods: the isolation of F. culmorum strains was carried out in aseptic conditions on PDA (Potatoes Dextrose Agar) medium, with the subsequent identification of the species based on macro- and microscopic characteristics. Vinyl-triazole derivatives (D.V.T): EPS-165, MZ-115, MZ-118, EPS-23 were supplemented to the nutrient medium PDA in concentrations of 0,02; 0,01; 0,005; 0,0025; 0,00125%, sterilized by autoclaving. To assess the inhibitory effect of the studied preparations, the method of recording the diameter of the growing colonies was used. Results: the inhibitory effect of the studied preparations was specific depending on the concentration and the strain of the fungus investigated. The preparation MZ-118 offers wider opportunities for use in plant protection measures against the fungus F. culmorum. The factorial analysis demonstrated that in the system F. culmorum x D.V.T. x concentration, the main source of variation in fungal growth is D.V.T concentration. (50.2 ... 64.4%), followed by the isolate factor (24.7 ... 38.9%), which denotes the differential resistance of F. culmorum isolates to the action of the compounds under study.
ACTIVITATEA ANTIMICROBIANĂ A UNOR DERIVAȚI VINIL-TRIAZOLICI
(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, Nicolae; Lupaşcu, Lucian; Stîngaci, Eugenia; Zveaghinţeva, Marina; Pogrebnoi, Serghei; Macaev, Fliur
Micozele și bacteriozele în culturile agricole sunt foarte devastatoare, aducând pagube economice enorme prin pierderile directe de recoltă și compromiterea acesteia datorită poluării cu toxine ale patogenilor, ceea ce le fac toxice pentru om și animale. Procedeele chimice de protecție a plantelor adesea devin ineficiente din cauza adaptării ușoare a agenților cauzali la pesticide, diminuării efectului protector sub influența condițiilor nefavorabile, toxicității, consecințelor ecologice. Pornind de la aceasta, scopul cercetărilor a constat în identificarea noilor compuși cu activitate antifungică (Fusarium avenaceum) și antibacteriană (Erwinia amilovora, E. carotovora, Xanthomonas campestris) în condiții in vitro pentru valorificarea ulterioară în măsurile de protecție a plantelor. Pe baza creșterii coloniilor de fung și concentrației minime bactericide, s-a constatat că derivații vinil-triazolici EPS-869, EPS-877, EPS-880, EPS-892, EPS-165 (0,00125; 0,0025; 0,005; 0,01%) manifestă înaltă activitate antimicrobiană, fenomenul datorându-se în special factorului de compus.
BOLI FOLIARE LA GENITORII ȘI HIBRIZII F1 DE GRÂU COMUN DE TOAMNĂ
(CEP USM, 2023) Lupașcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, N.
Foliar diseases attack common winter wheat throughout Europe, causing enormous economic damage to this crop. The parental forms and F1 hybrids of wheat under the conditions of the experimental field (2023 year) differed significantly based on the attack of foliar diseases, in particular, yellow rust and septoriosis, which made it possible to classify them into clusters with different degrees of similarity/difference of the tested forms. Most of the F1 hybrids of wheat registered a lower degree of attack of the mentioned diseases, forming a cluster separate from the parental forms, which offers chances to identify resistant forms in progeny populations.
GENOTIPURI NOI DE GRÂU COMUN DE TOAMNĂ – PRODUCTIVITATEA ȘI CALITATEA BOABELOR
(Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor, 2021) Lupașcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivara, Ala
The article presents data on the structural elements of the spike and the biochemical content of the grains in newly created common wheat winter genotypes, cultivated in extreme drought conditions of 2020. It was concluded that the lines and cultivars created by hybridization and individual selection of segregating populations are well adapted to drought and have a high nutritional value of grains which is of great practical interest.
INFLUENŢA DERIVAŢILOR VINIL-TRIAZOLICI ASUPRA CREȘTERII FUNGULUI FUSARIUM AVENACEUM (FR.) SACC.
(CEP USM, 2023) Lupașcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, N.; Lupașcu, L.; Stîngaci, E.; Zveaghințeva, M.; Pogrebnoi, S.; Macaev, F.
Testing of the fungus Fusarium avenaceum growth on nutrient medium (PDA) supplemented with the new vinyl-triazole derivatives in concentrations of 0.00125% - 0.01% demonstrated their high capacity to inhibit the pathogen, which offers chances of their use in the protection measures of common winter wheat.
MANIFESTATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS ON THE TRAITS OF SPIKE PRODUCTIVITY IN F2 POPULATIONS OF COMMON WHEAT
(CEP USM, 2022-09-29) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, Galina
Rolul variabilității genetice în interacțiunea grâului cu Alternaria alternata
(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana
The article presents data on the reaction of 10 common winter wheat genotypes to culture filtrates of Alternaria alternata isolates. Through factorial analysis, the role of wheat genotype (42.2 ... 51.1%) in the source of variation in radicle length, stem length, seedling length was found. The A. alternata isolate factor presented a higher weight for germination (48.9%) and vigor index (49.0%). The association of the high level of the coefficient of heritability with the advanced genetic progress shows that in the control of growth and development characters additive factors are involved.
STUDII ALE VARIABILITĂȚII ȘI HERITABILITĂȚII CARACTERELOR DE PRODUCTIVITATE ȘI CALITATE LA GRÂUL COMUN
(CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, Nicolae; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, Ala
The article presents the results of the genetic-environmental control study of the productivity elements of the common autumn wheat spike (7 genotypes during the years 2020-2022). The objects of the work: i) recording the elements of productivity; ii) establishing the weight (%) of the year, genotype, year x genotype interaction factors of in the source of variability character; iii) calculation of genetic parameters of variability and heritability, heritability coefficient; iv) determination of the biochemical quality of wheat grains. Research methods: biometric, biochemical, mathematical, statistical. Results obtained - the particularities were established: i) variability, heritability, the factorial weight of the conditions of the year and the wheat genotype in the source of variation of the productivity elements of the spike; ii) heritability and genetic advance; iii) the content of proteins, wet gluten, dry gluten, carbohydrates in grains during the years of study.
Variabilitatea atacului bolilor foliare la forme de perspectivă de grâu comun
(CEP USM, 2024) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, Galina
The aim of the present research was to establish the attack characteristics of foliar diseases (septoriosis, brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew) in 25 prospective genotypes of common winter wheat in years with different climatic conditions (2023, 2024). It was found: i) the strong dependence of the disease of wheat plants on climatic factors (the intensity of yellow rust in 2023 and of powdery mildew in 2024); ii) significant variability in susceptibility of wheat populations / genotypes. Common winter wheat populations/lines with reduced complex disease susceptibility have been identified, that can be implemented in breeding programs.