Browsing by Author "Clapco, Steliana"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 23

ABORDĂRI METODOLOGICE ÎN STUDIUL STRESULUI HIDRIC LA PLANTE
(CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Mutu, Ana; Martea, Rodica
Seceta afectează semnificativ creșterea și dezvoltarea plantelor, având un impact negativ asupra productivității culturilor și, respectiv, asupra securității alimentare la nivel mondial. Pentru a prezice răspunsul culturilor agricole la încălzirea globală ulterioară și deficitul de apă și a elabora strategii eficiente de gestionare a riscurilor este nevoie să se înțeleagă, la diverse nivele de organizare, procesele care determină toleranța la mediile nefavorabile. În acest context este important de a folosi modele adecvate de inducere a stresului hidric și de evaluare a reacției de răspuns. Lucrarea prezintă o descriere succintă a abordărilor metodologice utilizate în studiile stresului hidric la plante (experiențe de câmp, sere, laborator; modele experimentale cu utilizarea diferitor tipuri de substraturi; metode distincte de inducere a deficitului de apă), reflectă particularitățile, avantajele și limitările acestora și pune în evidență importanța combinării și adaptării metodelor de analiză în funcție de specia studiată, de mediu și de obiectivele cercetării.
EFECTUL INFECȚIEI CU LUPOAIE ASUPRA RECOLTEI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI ÎN CONDIȚIILE REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
(CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Burcovschi, Ion; Clapco, Steliana; Martea, Rodica; Gîscă, Ion; Machedon, Mihail
Orobanche cumana Wallr. is one of the main biotic factors that cause considerable losses to the sunflower yield in the majority of growing countries. The parasite significantly affects productivity by disrupting the processes of normal crop development. The present study was focused on the comparative evaluation of the harvest of 11 hybrids characterized by different degrees of susceptibility to infection, cultivated in 4 localities for 2 years. As a result, the losses caused by the effect of the parasite were estimated quantitatively depending on the genotype and the condi tions of the cultivation environment.
EFFICIENCY OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS IN GENOTYPING OF OROBANCHE CUMANA POPULATIONS
(Iasi University of Life Sciences, 2021-10-21) Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana; Duca, Maria
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers are widely dispersed across the genome, have a codominant and multiallelic nature, high variability and informativeness, and a specific chromosomal location. For this reason, they are playing a significant role in different fundamental and applicable fields, including genetic studies at the individual, population, species levels, and molecular breeding programs. In this study, the utility of 15 microsatellite markers in discrimination of 33 Orobanche cumana (broomrape) populations from different geographical locations was assessed: Republic of Moldova (11 populations), Romania (1), Bulgaria (4), Serbia (7), Turkey (7) and China (3). The PCR amplification products obtained showed differences by number and size depending on the markers used (3 and 16 alleles). A total of 110 alleles with fragment sizes ranged from 76-343 bp were determined. The evaluation of the genetic polymorphism of SSR markers was performed by the effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) with an average of 5.31, Polymorphic Information Content index (PIC) – 0.75, Nei's genetic diversity index (H) – 0.78 and, Resolving Power index (Rp) – 5.79. High values of all indices revealed the significant informative capacity and effectiveness of markers studied. At the same time, most markers showed PIC values higher than 0.5, indicating a high polymorphism in O. cumana populations. Seven microsatellite markers (Ocum-052, Ocum-059, Ocum-074, Ocum-081, Ocum-087, Ocum-196, Ocum-197) were selected based on the analyzed statistical parameters, suggesting that these markers can efficiently measure genetic diversity in broomrape. Based on the Rp index and PIC values of these 15 SSR markers, genetic diversity of Turkish (Rp: 4.774; PIC: 0,722) and Moldavian (Rp: 4.394; PIC: 0,716) Orobanche cumana populations was higher than in other populations. However, the studied microsatellite (SSR) markers system characterized very well the genetic structure of all O. cumana populations included in this study. Selected markers could eventually be useful for breeders and sunflower seed producers to improve their control strategies for this parasitic plant.
EFICIENȚA UNOR MARCHERI MOLECULARI ÎN DISCRIMINAREA POPULAȚIILOR DE LUPOAIE ORIGINARE DIN CHINA
(Tipografia „Print Caro”, 2021) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Bivol, Ina; Clapco, Steliana
In this study, the effectiveness of different types of molecular markers in assessing genetic diversity of populations of O. cumana from China was determined. ISSR and SSR markers detected different levels of genetic variability among and within broomrape populations. SSR markers analysis showed high level of genetic variation within the populations as revealed by high average values of Nei's gene diversity (H=0,75) and Shannon's information index (I=1,44), while genotyping with ISSR markers showed greater ability to discriminate genotypes according to Resolving power (Rp=7,24). Thus, the combined use of ISSR and SSR markers allowed the detection of higher polymorphism than either set of marker alone.
THE EVOLUTION OF OROBANCHE CUMANA RACES IN SUNFLOWER CROP IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
(Trakya University Publisher, 2021-09-01) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana
One of the most critical constraints for sunflower production in the majority of European countries, as well as in the Middle East and Asia is broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) – non-photosynthetic, obligatory, root parasitic plant. The continuous introduction of new resistant sunflower hybrids exerts a selection pressure on broomrape populations evolution and contribute to the development of new more virulent races that overcome sunflower genetic resistance. Thus, until now, eight races of O. cumana, A through H, have been identified. In this study, the chronology of broomrape races occurrence in sunflower crop in the Republic of Moldova was analysed. In Moldova sunflower broomrape was firstly attested at the end of the 19th century. In 1937 a more virulent race B was identified especially in the regions situated along the border with Romania. Later, at the beginning of 1970s, a new biotype that infested sunflower genotypes carrying genes of resistance to races A and B occurred. This new race was called the Moldovan race or race C and was found preferentially in the central part of the country. In early 2000s the presence of races D, E and F in Moldovan sunflower fields was reported. The most spread were the less virulent races A, B and D, which were found in all part of the country, followed by race E detected in the South and Centre and more virulent race F, which was identified only in the Central part. In few years, the study of racial status demonstrated the presence in the south of the country of a new highly virulent race G, which overcame all known genes of resistance. It has been established that the populations from the northern part of the Republic of Moldova belonged predominantly to race E, those from the central part of the republic – to race F and southern populations were attributed to the race G. Our greenhouse test carried out in 2014 revealed, for the first time, the presence in sunflower fields of the most aggressive race H. This pathotype was found especially in the south and centre and sporadically in the north. A research performed recently (2019-2020) showed the occurrence of new highly aggressive biotypes able to infest even the genotypes considered resistant to the most virulent race H. According to the results, in a short period of time new aggressive races of O. cumana occurred and spread rapidly over all Moldovan sunflower growing regions, the most virulent races G and H becoming dominant.
FACTORI DE MEDIU ASOCIAȚI CU INCIDENŢA PATOGENILOR LA CULTURA DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
(CEP USM, 2021) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Burcovschi, Ion; Tabacari, Ruslan; Domenco, Rodion
Prezentul studiu s-a axat pe analiza influenței unor factori de mediu (temperatura și cantitatea de precipitații) asupra incidenței patogenilor florii-soarelui în diferite zone ale Republicii Moldova. Au fost analizate date privind infecția naturală a unui set de 7-15 hibrizi de floarea-soarelui cultivați în diferite zone pedoclimatice (Nord – Visoca, Soroca; Pelinia, Drochia; Centru – Băcioi, Chișinău; Sud – Grigorievca, Căușeni; Svetlâi, Comrat), în perioada 2015-2020, fiind relevată prevalența tulpinilor fungice în partea de nord și în cea de centru ale țării, caracterizate prin cele mai mari cantități de precipitații, și a angiospermei lupoaia – preferențial în partea de sud, cu indici de temperatură mai înalți.
FACTORI DE TRANSCRIPȚIE IMPLICAȚI ÎN RĂSPUNSUL FLORII-SOARELUI LA ACȚIUNEA LUPOIAEI
(2022) Duca, Maria; Martea, Rodica; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana
The present research is focused on bioinformatics and genes expression analysis aiming to elucidate new aspects of resistance mechanisms in the experimental model of the sunflower-broomrape interaction. The qPCR analysis of WHY1, TGA2 and TGA5 transcription factors revealed transient, oscillating changes in the accumulation of mRNA in plants cultivated in the absence and presence of pathogen in dynamics. The highest level of relative ex- pression of WHY1 factor was attested in the roots of host plant during the stage of aerial shoots development (67 days), contrary to factors belonging to TGA family, which showed minimal values of the relative expression at the same stage of development. In the most of cases WHY1, TGA2 and TGA5 genes were found to be suppressed in the roots of sunflower-resistant genotypes under biotic stress. The higher number of gene interactions is due to co-expression in the case of WHY1 (93.68 %) and the presence of common protein domains in the case of TGA family factors (70 %). Associations between the NPR1 gene with TGA2 (46 connections) and TGA5 (33 interactions) have also been identified. The highest fluctuations in the level of relative expression of the NPR1 gene (key element in the manifestation of plant resistance) are found in the sensitive genotype Performer, in the case of noninfested plants and in resistant hybrid PR64LE20 under biotic stress.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AND RELATIONSHIPS OF OROBANCHE CUMANA POPULATIONS FROM DIFFERENT SUNFLOWER PRODUCING COUNTRIES
(CEP USM, 2022-09-29) Clapco, Steliana
GENETICA REZISTENŢEI FLORII-SOARELUI LA LUPOAIE ( OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.)
(Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2020) Clapco, Steliana; Duca, Maria
The angiosperm Orobanche cumana Wallr. (broomrape) is an obligatory root parasite, specific to sunflower crop. The main strategy to ensure the reduction of the negative impact of broomrape remains to be the development of resistant genotypes. This paper represents a synthetic analysis of the data related to sunflower genes for resistance to broomrape races, mapping of major genes and quantitative traits loci (QTL) with minor effects in resistance, as well as vertical and horizontal resistance mechanisms, in general, and the function of the genes involved in resistance, in particular. The study highlights the relevance of genetico-molecular, biochemical and physiological analyzes in this field and the importance of breeding programs focused on the development of sunflower genotypes incorporating multiple resistance genes in order to achieve the durable resistance.
GENOTIPAREA POPULAȚIILOR DE OROBANCHE CUMANA Wallr. CU MARCHERI MICROSATELIȚI SSR
(CEP USM, 2022) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana
Lucrarea a vizat evaluarea diversității genetice în cadrul a 33 de populații de lupoaie (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) cu origine geografică diferită, prin genotiparea cu 14 marcheri microsateliți SSR. Majoritatea marcherilor (Ocum-052, Ocum-059, Ocum-070, Ocum-081, Ocum-087, Ocum-160, Ocum-196 și Ocum-197) au pus în evidență o diversitate accentuată atât la nivel inter-, intrapopulațional, cât și regional. În cadrul populațiilor de lupoaie investigate a fost relevată prezența a 153 de profile molecular-genetice și a 98 de alele. Lungimea secvențelor nucleotidice SSR amplificate a variat de la 76 la 343 pb. Populațiile de lupoaie din Taraclia, Svetlîi, Izbiște, Căzănești, Prepelița, Congaz (Republica Moldova), Radnevo, Rosenova (Bulgaria), Hohott (China), Keșan, Merkez, Tracia (Turcia) și OR-SR43 (Serbia) s-au remarcat printr-un nivel ridicat de variabilitate genetică intrapopulațională. Populațiile provenite din Bulgaria și Serbia, după numărul de profile moleculare (1-3) și media numărului total de alele (3,67 – Bulgaria; 3,63 – Serbia) s-au dovedit a fi relativ mai omogene comparativ cu cele colectate din Republica Moldova (1-10 profile; media – 3,82), Turcia (1-6 profile; media – 4,02) și China (1-9 profile; media – 4,72).
IMPACTUL LUPOAIEI ASUPRA UNOR INDICI DE PRODUCTIVITATE LA HIBRIZII DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
(CEP USM, 2022) Martea, Rodica; Rîşnoveanu, Luxiţa; Gisca, Ion; Clapco, Steliana; Duca, Maria
Orobanche cumana este o problemă majoră pentru agroecosistemele de floarea-soarelui de mai bine de 100 de ani. Parazitul atacă cultura în întreaga lume, perturbând dezvoltarea florii-soarelui și afectând esențial parametrii cantitativi de productivitate (lungimea sistemului radicular, suprafața foliară, înălțimea plantei, diametrul calatidiului, greutatea totală a achenelor per plantă etc.) și calitatea semințelor (randamentul și calitatea uleiului, conținutul de proteine și grăsimi în semințe). Prezentul studiu s-a axat pe evaluarea unor indici de productivitate (greutatea a 1000 de semințe, masa hectolitrică) la hibrizi experimentali, autohtoni, de floarea-soarelui cultivați în câmpuri natural infestate cu lupoaie. Drept rezultat au fost puse în evidență corelații negative puternice între greutatea a 1000 de semințe și intensitatea atacului, precum și recolta de floarea-soarelui și numărul de atașamente de O. cumana per plantă gazdă.
INFLUENȚA HOLOPARAZITULUI OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR. ASUPRA UNOR TRASĂTURI MORFO-ANATOMICE ȘI FIZIOLOGO- BIOCHIMICE LA CULTURA HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.
(CEP USM, 2023) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Burcovschi, Ion; Domenco, Rodion; Martea, Rodica; Machedon, Mihail
Lucrarea prezintă rezultate cu referire la influența angiospermei Orobanche cumana Wallr. (lupoaia) asupra recoltei de floarea-soarelui și a unor indici morfo-anatomici și fiziologo-biochimici la un șir de hibrizi de floarea-soarelui sensibili la acțiunea parazitului, în diferite condiții de mediu. Deși gradul de infestare a fost mult mai înalt în condiții favorabile de dezvoltare a culturii, impactul parazitului a fost mai pronunțat pe fundal de secetă. Conform analizei regresionale variația indicilor recolta de floarea-soarelui, talia plantei, suprafața foliară, indicele suprafeței foliare și cantitatea de clorofilă a poate fi atribuită intensității atacului cu lupoaie în proporție de 71%, 43%, 38%, 42% și 30%, respectiv. Au fost constatate corelații negative puternice a parametrilor menționați cu intensitatea atacului, după cum urmează r=-0,68; -0,65; -0,66 și -0,59.
INFLUENȚA LUPOAIEI ASUPRA CREȘTERII ȘI DEZVOLTĂRII FLORII-SOARELUI ÎN CONDIȚII CONTROLATE
(CEP USM, 2022) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Gisca, Ion; Martea, Rodica; Mutu (Calmîş), Ana
Prezentul studiu a vizat evaluarea efectului holoparazitului lupoaia (Orobanche cumana Wallr), cu nivel diferit de agresivitate, asupra parametrilor agromorfologici, acumulării și distribuirii biomasei la planta gazdă Helianthus annuus L. în condiții controlate. Rezultatele obținute au pus în evidență impactul neesențial al parazitului asupra înălțimii și lungimii rădăcinii plantei gazdă și un efect considerabil asupra procesului de acumulare a biomasei, fiind remarcată o diminuare cu cca 20,4-57,1% față de martorul neinfestat. Planta parazit a exercitat un impact mai pronunțat asupra părții aeriene, fiind relevate corelații negative puternice (r = -0,52) dintre intensitatea atacului și masa tulpinii cu frunze a florii-soarelui. S-a constatat că plantele parazite modifică inclusiv modelul de distribuire a biomasei, rizoparazitul influențând în special lăstarii gazdei, ceea ce se confirmă printr-un raport al masei Lăstari : Rădăcină mai scăzut în comparație cu martorul neinfestat. Totodată, au fost puse în evidență corelații puternice (r = -0,54) dintre ponderea biomasei aeriene în biomasa combinată (masa totală a plantei gazdă + masa lăstarilor de lupoaie) și incidența lupoaiei.
INTERPOPULATION RELATEDNESS OF O. CUMANA BELONGING TO DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
(CEP USM, 2022-11-10) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana
ISSR AND SSR MARKERS IN ASSESSING GENETIC DIVERSITY OF OROBANCHE CUMANA
(Институт Цитологии и генетики СО РАН, 2021-06-14) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana; Martea, Rodica; Mutu, Aurelia
MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IN MOLDOVA’S SUNFLOWER SECTOR
(De Gruyter, 2021) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana
Moldova is one of the 15 largest sunflower growing countries. In the past decades, significant changes have been implemented in Moldovan farming due to the liberalization of the agricultural economy after its independence in 1991 and the transition to a market economy, as well as uncontrolled land use. The impact of such changes on production remains mostly unexplored. To determine which factors impede the attainment of higher yields and whether this problem can be solved by conducting further research to improve and manage the sunflower cultivation or by improving the efficiency of farmers’ support systems, the current situation of sunflower production in Moldovan farms was investigated. In this context, the databases of the National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova and the Food and Agriculture Organization were analyzed and farmers’ surveys in different locations across the Republic of Moldova were conducted. The data related to the dynamics of sunflower production, yield and the surface of sunflower growing area, as well as of applied agricultural practices have been accumulated. It has been established the significant expansion of sunflower cultivated area which was leading to (i) considerable exploitation of land where sunflower is cultivated; (ii) failure of crop rotations; (iii) the accumulation of various pathogens. Some solutions to redress the situation have been proposed.
MANAGEMENTUL CULTURII DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI ÎN GOSPODĂRIILE AGRICOLE DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2021) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Burcovschi, Ion
In the Republic of Moldova, the oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) occupies consistent cultivation areas (about 25 % of arable land), which is constantly growing. Trends in agricultural systems from recent decades (intensification and specialization of production), associated with intensive use of agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers), irrational land use, non-compliance with crop rotations etc. have led to declining soil quality, biodiversity loss, a significant increase in the incidence of diseases and pests and the vulnerability of agricultural ecosystems to climate change. In order to address the principles of sustainable and ecological agriculture, it is interesting to know in depth the current situation of biotechnologies for sunflower cultivation and the incidence and severity of pathogen attack. This paper reflects the results of analyzes conducted based on farmers’ opinion survey, focused mainly on parameters such as areas cultivated with sunflower, types of cultivated hybrids, geographical distribution of sunflower-specific pathogens, applied agricultural practices etc.
Performanţa hibrizilor de floarea-soarelui în diverse condiţii de mediu ale Republicii Moldova
(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana; Mutu, Ana; Burcovschi, Ion
The rising frequency of suboptimal temperatures and early droughts hinder the genetic potential realization of sunflower hybrids, posing challenges in achieving stable harvest yields. It was analyzed the harvest of 21 hybrids grown in 5 localities of the Republic of Moldova in correlation with the annual amount of precipitation from 2015-2020. The variation of the yield according to the genotype of the studied hybrids and the impact of the conditions in the growing environment were highlighted.
POLIMORFISMUL BIOCHIMIC LA PLANTELE GENULUI MENTHA
(CEP USM, 2012) Ciobanu, Vasile; Pisov, Maria; Rezinciuc, Svetlana; Port, Angela; Duca, Maria; Reva, Veaceslav; Clapco, Steliana
Electrophoretic protein profiles, oil composition and morphological traits were used to study the genetic diversity of wild-growing Mentha spicata and four hybrids from the collection of mint of the Moldova State University. It was found out that forms with different origin and morphological peculiarities are characterized by a similar essential oil composition, rich in the carvone 60-65% and menthol 58-70%. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed 30 polypeptide components with relative molecular weights in a range of 14,15-90,0 kDa, which showed molecular heterogeneity average of 43%. A negative correlation was found among morphological parameters (inflorescence, leaf and plant length) of Mentha spicata and quantity of the main terpenoid - carvone. Also, a more pronounced protein polymorphism was established in the wild-growing form.
POLIMORFISMUL RAPD-PCR LA PLANTELE GENULUI MENTHA
(CEP USM, 2012) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Rezinciuc, Svetlana; Clapco, Steliana; Ciobanu, Vasile; Pisov, Maria
In this study, the genetic diversity of one wild-growing form of Mentha spicata and four hybrids from the collection of mint of Moldova State University has been evaluated with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The highest level of molecular polymorphism was ascertained in wild-growing Mentha spicata. These results are important for the exploitation of new genetic materials of Mentha in plant amelioration and selection of genotypes with superior quality.