Browsing by Author "Băţ, Mihail"

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CERCETĂRI ARHEOLOGICE LA POARTA DE NORD A CETĂȚII SAHARNA MARE
(Muzeul Naţional de Arheologie şi Istorie a Moldovei, 2021) Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail
The Saharna Mare hillfort is known in the literature thanks to the systematic archaeological investigations carried out by G. Smirnov in 1946-1947 and by the Moldova State University team in 2001-2020. As a result of the research, it was found that the fortification with an area of about 6 hectares was surrounded by a system consisting of several defensive features. On the western side, a “wall” of wood, earth and stones was built, with an adjoining ditch, in front of which there were three semicircular bastions. The north, east and south sides were protected by the same “wall”, only of a smaller size. Recently, on the northern side of the fortification, in the defensive “wall” a gap was discovered, about 9 m wide, which was interpreted as an access path to the hillfort. About 5 m east of the gate, a bastion was found, the remains of which have a semicircular shape of 11×6 m. As a result of archaeological research in 2020, it was established that the “wall” of the bastion had a “base” about 1.6 m wide, consisting of two linings made of stone blocks, the space between which was filled with earth. On this structure, a double rampart was built, consisting of two timber frameworks. The space between which was filled with earth and stones. Inside the bastion, which had a semicircular shape with dimensions of 6×3 m, a storage pit was found, dug in the limestone rock. Artifacts found in the remains of the rampart, as well as inside the bastion, indicate that it functioned simultaneously with the entire defensive system of the Saharna Mare hillfort and was built by the end of the 4th century BC.
CERCETĂRILE ARHEOLOGICE LA SITUL TRACO-GETIC SAHARNA „LA ŞANŢ” (CAMPANIA 2006)
(2007) Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail
During the archeological researches conducted near Saharna and Saharna Noua villages a new fortified settlement was discovered – Saharna “La Şanţ”. It is located eastward of the fortified settlement Saharna Mare, on the steep bank of a deep ravine (fig. 1/1). The site of ancient settlement is semi-oval shaped, 180×65 m in size (fig. 1/2).The settlement was protected by the steep bank of the ravine on the north side and by a defence construction on the west, east and south sides. Five household pits containing various ceramic material (fig. 2; 3) were discovered following archeological researches conducted in 2006. Four spinning spindles, fragment of a stone grain grater and numerous fragments of ceramic vessels were discovered in the cultural layer of the settlement (fig. 4-6). The discovered inventory can be dated with the 6 th -3rd c. BC.
COMUNITĂŢILE UMANE ÎN PERIOADA TÂRZIE A EPOCII FIERULUI, PRIVITE PRIN PRISMA INDICATORILOR STRESULUI MUSCULO-SCHELETIC (OCUPAŢIONAL)
(Casa Editorial-Poligrafică Bons Offices, 2021) Simalcsik, Angela; Băţ, Mihail; Ciobanu, Ion
CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND STUDIUL PEDOLOGIC AL SITURILOR ARHEOLOGICE DIN AREALUL SAHARNA, RAIONUL REZINA
(2018) Sochircă, Vitalie; Zanoci, Aurel; Nagacevschi, Tatiana; Niculiţă, Ion; Băţ, Mihail
În articol sunt evaluate componentele naturale (în special solul) din perimetrul siturilor arheologice Saharna „Ţiglău” şi Saharna Mare / „Dealul Mănăstirii” din localitatea Saharna, raionul Rezina. Cercetarea a avut drept scop reconstituirea condiţiilor naturale în care au activat comunităţile din aceste aşezări în perioada cuprinsă între sfârşitul sec. XII şi sec. III a. Chr.
FORTIFI CATIONS AND OPEN SETTLEMENTS OF THE 1ST MILLENNIUM BC IN THE MICRO-ZONE OF HORODISTE-TIPOVA
(2014) Zanoci, Aurel; Niculiţă, Ion; Băţ, Mihail
În partea de sud a regiunii Nistrului Mijlociu, în preajma localităţilor Horodişte şi Ţipova, raionul Rezina, se conturează un spaţiu cu suprafaţa de cca 6 km 2 , unde au fost evidenţiate mai multe situri arheologice, atribuite epocii fierului. Ca urmare a studierii ortofotoplanurilor, a cercetărilor perieghetice şi sondajelor arheologice în această microzonă a fost atestată o „aglomeraţie” de situri, compusă din şapte fortificaţii şi patru aşezări civile (fig. 2), atribuite două orizonturi culturale – hallstattian timpuriu şi traco-getic. Orizontul hallstattian timpuriu, de tip Cozia-Saharna, este reprezentat de o fortificaţie (citadela de la Horodişte „La Şanţ”) şi două aşezări deschise (Horodişte „Groapa Turcului” şi Ţipova II). Cel traco-getic este documentat prin şapte fortificaţii (Horodişte „La Cot”, Horodişte „La Şanţ”, Buciuşca II, Ţipova III etc.) şi două aşezări deschise (Buciuşca IV şi Buciuşca V). Dintre fortificaţiile traco-getice se evidenţiază cea de la Horodişte „La Cot”, care se deosebeşte de restul prin suprafaţa considerabilă (cca 28 ha), complexitatea sistemului defensiv, precum şi prin poziţia strategică pe care o ocupă în microzona Horodişte-Ţipova. Plecând de la aceste observaţii, la nivelul actual de cercetare, se poate presupune că cetatea Horodişte „La Cot” a îndeplinit funcţiile unui „centru” economic, administrativ etc. pentru comunităţile din regiune.
IDEI ȘI OBIECTE „STRĂINE” ÎN MEDIUL GETIC DIN BAZINUL NISTRULUI DE MIJLOC (SECOLELE V-III A. CHR.)
(Bons Offices, 2024) Băţ, Mihail
INVESTIGAȚII GEOFIZICE ȘI ARHEOLOGICE ÎN SITUL DIN EPOCA FIERULUI SAHARNA/„RUDE”, RAIONUL REZINA
(2020) Zanoci, Aurel; Asăndulesei, Andrei; Băţ, Mihail; Tencariu, Felix-Adrian
INVESTIGAŢIILE ARHEOLOGICE LA AŞEZAREA TRACO-GETICĂ SAHARNA „LA ŞANŢ” (CAMPANIA 2007)
(2008) Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail
Archaeological researches at the site of Saharna „La Şanţ” (situated near Saharna and Saharna Nouă villages, Rezina region) were continued in 2007. The excavations covered an area of 140 m² and yielded four household pits containing varied ceramic material. The occupation layer of the settlement was 0,4-0,9 m thick and contained a fragment of a iron spearhead, a bronze three-bladed arrowhead, stone implements, bones, clay and numerous fragments of pottery. The excavated objects allow to suppose the existence of two cultural-chronological horizons dating back to the early Hallstatt period – the “Cozia-Saharna” culture and the Thraco-Getian period (7th/6th to 3d c. B.C.).
INVESTIGAŢIILE ARHEOLOGICE LA SITUL SAHARNA MARE (2009-2011) (I)
(2012) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail; Matveev, Sergiu
The Saharna Mare site (Rezina district) stands out among the monuments of the Middle Dniester area by its location and the degree of scrutiny. It is situated on a high rocky trapezoidal cape with an area of about 12 hectares, surrounded on three sides by deep canyons with inaccessible shores. Only from the south the cape is connected to the outside world. Due to its strategic location, this area was inhabited as early as the end of the 2nd millennium B.C. This monument drew the attention in the late 40s of the last century when there were conducted the first archaeological excavations (Smirnov, 1949, 93-96; Smirnov, 1949a, 189-202; Arnăut 2000, 93-104). Since 2001, an archaeological expedition of the Moldova State University conducts systematic research on the site. The results of studies conducted in 2001-2007 have been published in several articles and a monograph (Niculiţă, Zanoci, Arnăut 2008a, 69-150). As a result of these investigations there were identified several cultural-chronological horizons: 1 - presented by complexes with incised pottery; 2 - relating to the Cozia-Saharna culture; 3 - Thracian-Getae (7th - 3rd centuries B.C.). This article contains information about finds relating to the Cozia-Saharna culture, which were discovered as a result of the excavations of 2009-2011 carried out by five digs (13, 13A, 14, 15, 18) with the total area of 444 m2. Through the matching of orthophotomaps (fi g. 4/1), the results of geomagnetic studies (fi g. 3, 4/2), and archaeological research data (fi g. 9/1) in the southeast of the cape there were found the remains of a “citadel” and the adjacent “fortifi ed yard”. The “citadel” of a rounded shape (fig. 4/3), size 60×64 m (about 0,32 ha), was located on the southeastern outskirts of the cape; it was reinforced on all sides by a moat and a wooden stone-earthen wall. The width of the moat varies from 4,2 to 6,0 m, depth – 0,7 to 1,6 m. The wall was built of two rows of wooden pillars dug vertically into the mainland loam. The space between rows was fi lled with stones and earth, thus forming a fortification of about 1,0-1,2 m in width. The “citadel” had an adjacent semi-oval “yard” in the north-west side, with the dimensions of 55×78 m, which was also fortified by a moat (fig. 4/3). The width of the moat was 2-3 m, the depth – 1,0-1,4 m. In the “citadel” there were investigated one ground construction (fi g. 21), 37 household pits (fi g. 23-32), and one religious construction? (fi g. 33). There was also identifi ed a sufficiently rich and varied inventory (fig. 36-45) that allowed to attribute the “citadel” and the adjacent “yard” to the Cozia-Saharna culture. Most likely, these fortifications were designed to shelter residents of the Saharna “Dealul Mănăstirii” settlement, which was in close proximity. In addition, the “citadel” could serve as a socio-political and religious center for the Early Hallstatt population of the Saharna region (fi g. 46).
INVESTIGAŢIILE ARHEOLOGICE LA SITUL SAHARNA MARE (2009-2012) (II)
(2013) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail; Matveev, Sergiu
This article presents information on the findings relating to the Thraco-Getian period, which have been identified as a result of archaeological excavations in 2009-2012 on the site of Saharna Mare. In examining orthophotomaps and the results and geomagnetic prospecting there was discovered a new defensive line traced over 650 m to the north, east and south sides of the cape. Its ends are connected to the “wall” on the west side, thus forming an integral defensive system surrounding the fortress on all sides and having an area of approximately 6 hectares. This recently discovered defensive line represents a “rampart” barely visible on the current surface of the soil, having at the base a width of 3 m and a height of about 0.3-0.4 m. Toward the east this “rampart” meanders, forming eight bastions grouped in four on the northern and southern flanks. As a result of archaeological investigation it was found that the identified “rampart” is the remains of a defensive wall built of two rows of wooden poles dug vertically into the mainland. The space between rows was filled with stones and earth, thus forming a fortifcation of about 1.1-1.6 m width. In the settlement there were also examined two above-ground structures, 36 household pits and fairly rich and varied inventory attributable to the 8th/7th - 3rd centuries BC. Judging by its strategic location, powerful defensive structures, and by the findings found in the area of the site, it can be assumed that the fortified settlement of Saharna Mare was an important economic, political, administrative and military center of the Middle Dniester region.
INVESTIGAŢIILE ARHEOLOGICE LA SITUL SAHARNA MARE / „DEALUL MĂNĂSTIRII”, RAIONUL REZINA (2017-2019)*
(2019) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail; Dulgher, Victor
The archaeological research conducted in 2017-2019 was concentrated in the southwest part of the site, where as a result of the geomagnetic measurements a positive anomaly was attested that denotes the presence of burned structures. Following the archaeological excavations (256 m2) in this part of the settlement, three layers of living were identified: Holercani-Hansca, Cozia-Saharna and Thracian-Getae. It was discovered a pit (7/2018) belonging to the Holercani-Hansca horizon whose filling contained ceramics characteristic of this culture. For the Cozia-Saharna layer was found a structure (4/2017-2019), 12 pits, a burial, and various archaeological inventory represented by work tools, weapons and ceramics ornamented with incised and stamped ornaments. In the Thracian-Getae layer were uncovered three structures, 13 pits and a rich archaeological findings. Among the inventory items are tools and utensils made of different raw materials – iron, bronze, bone and horn, stone and burnt clay. From this layer come several weapons, in particular, tips of bronze arrows, as well as pieces of jewelry, represented by fibuale, bracelets, rings etc. Also, from the Thracian-Getae layer was recovered a significant amount of local ceramics and Greek imports
NOI SITURI ARHEOLOGICE DIN EPOCA FIERULUI ÎN BAZINUL RÂULUI REZINA
(CEP USM, 2022-11-10) Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail; Dulgher, Victor; Chitic, Vladimir; Cuculescu, Daniel
O DESCOPERIRE LATENOIDĂ DE LA MAȘCĂUŢI „POIANA CIUCULUI”
(CEP USM, 2022) Băţ, Mihail
A PLACE OF LIFE AND DEATH. BURIALS AND HUMAN BONE FINDS IN THE IRON AGE SETTLEMENT AT SAHARNA MARE / ”DEALUL MĂNĂSTIRII”: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
(2019) Băţ, Mihail; Simalcsik, Angela; Zanoci, Aurel
Among the numerous vestiges of the Iron Age at Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii”, there are 11 finds of human remains, which are of particular interest for the interdisciplinary research of the site. In this article, we propose combining archaeological data with anthropological ones. The analyzed skeletal material comes from six types of archaeological contexts: “cultic structure”,“ditch”, “rampart”, “grave”, “dwelling”, and “cultural layer” (Fig. 2; 3). In all the analyzed cases the identified osteological remains come from a single individual. In total, seven individuals were identified, one of whom is female and six are male. Regarding age distribution, most individuals fall within the age range of 30-60 years (maturus). One individual falls within the age range of 20-30 years (adultus), and another one has passed the age of 60 (senilis). As a result of the paleopathological analyses, a wide spectrum of dental pathologies (supragingival calculus, cavities, abscess, antemortem tooth loss) and bone pathologies (osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc herniation, porotic hyperostosis) were recorded. The analysis of occupational indicators showed over-demanding physical activities, spatial mobility, and horseback riding. Traces of violent death, such as cranial and postcranial fractures, have been reported in several cases. There were also identified injuries with signs of healing.
STUDII INTERDISCIPLINARE ÎN SITUL IVANCEA – SUB PĂDURE ÎN ANUL 2021
(CEP USM, 2022) Meyer, Michael; Munteanu, Octavian; Schatte, Torben; Băţ, Mihail; Iarmulschi, Vasile