2. Articole
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Item UNELE ASPECTE FIZICE ALE FOTOSINTEZEI(2007) Andronic, Ion; Frunză, Maria; Dușciac, ViorelUnul din principiile de bază de care se ţine cont la reformarea învăţământului şi elaborarea noilor programe şi manuale şcolare este principiul abordării interdisciplinare a obiectelor de studiu. Trimiterile interdisciplinare în predarea fizicii diminuează frontierele relative, arbitrare dintre fizică şi biologie şi pune accent pe conexiunile puternice existente între ştiinţele naturii, tratarea lumii reale ca un tot întreg. Abordarea interdisciplinară are drept scop formarea unor personalităţi moderne, cu gândire analitică, sistemică, cu capacităţi de înţelegere profundă şi aptitudini de modelare a fenomenelor, proceselor din jur, fiind totodată un factor important de educare, orientare şi formare profesională a elevilor - profesionişti ai viitorului. În calitate de exemplu de realizare a acestui principiu, în articolul de faţă sunt prezentate aspectele fizice ale fotosintezei ca factor fundamental în alimentaţia autotrofă a plantelor. Sunt analizate fazele de lumină şi de întuneric ale fotosintezei, dependenţa acestui proces complex de intensitatea energiei radiante, componenţa spectrală a luminii, fluxul luminos şi direcţia de incidenţă, influenţa altor factori fizici (umiditate, temperatură) etc. De asemenea, este arătat rolul fiecărui factor fizic în dezvoltarea plantelor, sunt analizate valorile optime ale factorilor fizici şi posibilitatea programării roadei prin controlul procesului de creştere a culturilor agricole. Se adresează profesorilor de fizică şi, în egală măsură, celor de biologie şi chimie.Item MONITORINGUL AGENŢILOR CHIMICI ASUPRA STĂRII DE SĂNĂTATE A COPIILOR(CEP USM, 2007) Crivoi, Aurelia; Curea, Natalia; Bacalov, Iurie; Prodan, Maria; Gheţu, Doina; Cojocari, LidiaThe prezent state, sourses and amount of persistent organic pollution subs tances, heavy metals, nitrates and radionuclids in the soil as well as their impact on their life. The characterization of aquatic resources chemical composition from villages, inclusively natural radioactive elements and artificial isotopes have been carried out. The present work represents a study of the peculiarities of sustainable as a part of the survival strategy designed for the population of Republic of Moldova. The essence of sustainable development is the „ability to satisfy the needs of the present generation, without compromising the opportunity to satisfy their needs” which servere as basis for development leading to prosperity and progress, provided that resourses are recycled, the environment is protected and the moral rules are observed. The most important extremal factors, witch affect the health of the population are the living conditions, the state of the living conditions, the state of the environment and the level of medical care. This confirms the importance of the ecological, social-economic and psyhological factors for the generation and preservation of health.Item VARIABILITATEA SOMACLONALĂ LA PLANTELE DE TUTUN TRANSGENIC(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Glijin, Aliona; Lupaşcu, Victor; Orosco-Cardenas, MarthaIn this paper it was analyzed the somaclonal variation of 13 genetically modified tobacco lines (T1generation), that express the bar gene. It was shown that five lines had greater plant dimensions in comparison to the control ones. Also, in all transgenic tobacco lines there were detected higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide invascular tissues. All these suggest that observed changes appeared as the result of plant transformation and regeneration at morphological and biochemical levels.Item UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND STUDIUL CREŞTERILOR GORUNETELOR (QUERCUS PETRAEAE) DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2007) Boaghie, DionisieDuring 2003 – 2004, there were selected and created 54 permanent sample plots for Sessile oak (Quercus petraea) of vegetative provenance, in order to study the volume growth. Researches on volume growth have been accomplished in accordance with the methodology stipulations, applied within the framework of the Chair of Dendrography under Agricultural Academy of Kiev (1984), with the methodology of B.I. Loghinov (1966) and B.B. Oghievski, A.A.Hirov (1967) researchers, using some modifications suggested by the collaborators of the laboratory, taking into account specific character of the forests of Republic of Moldova. As a result of the study, there has been established a direct impact of shoot provenance generation number on stand productivity. There has been emphasized a substantial diminution of mean growth within the framework of the same shoot provenance generation among the inferior production classes and less obvious diminution among superior production classes. Simultaneously, at the level of shoot provenance generation within the same production class there has been emphasized a substantial diminution of mean volume growth, together with the growth of shoot provenance generation.Item TRANZIŢII CONFORMAŢIONALE LA INTERACŢIUNEA CÂMPULUI ELECTROMAGNETIC DE FRECVENŢĂ EXTREM DE ÎNALTĂ CU BIOMACROMOLECULELE INTRACELULARE(CEP, 2007) Rotaru, Anatol; Ciobanu, Nelu; Nica, Iurie; Gereghi, Theodor; Caireac, LeonidIn this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of Bose-condensed phonons and millimeter electromagnetic field have been invest-tigated under the influence of external coherent electromagnetic radiation. The phases trajectories and time evolutions for different form of impulses were analyzed.Item TROFICITATEA UNOR LACURI DIN MUNICIPIUL CHIŞINĂU(CEP USM, 2007) Şalaru, Victor; Dudnicenco, Tatiana; Tincu, AnaOn the bases of the obtained results it canbe affirmed that Chisinau’s lakes represents aquatic basins with high eutrophication level. Probably the Ghidighici Lake has higher self-epuration capacity and thanks to this its water is cleaner than that of the other urban studied lakes. The reducing of phosphor and nitrogen contribution from waste waters is the basic factor to combat eutrophication of Chisinau lakes.Item EFECTUL CUPRULUI ASUPRA METABOLISMULUI PROTEIC ŞI GLUCIDIC AL BACTERIEI RIZOSFERICE Pseudomonas aureofaciens(CEP USM, 2007) Grigorcea, Pavel; Emnova, Ecaterina; Ganea, OxanaThe evaluation of the impact of copper on protein and carbohydrate metabolism of bacteria Pseudomonas aureofaciens CNMN PsB-03isolated from soybean rhizosphere soil have been made in sand columns experiment. Enhanced copper concentrations (100 and 300 ppm Cu/g of dry sand)provoked the realization of ability to plentiful EPS synthesis as protective mechanism, and investigated bacteria revealed a high resistance against copper toxicity up to concentration 300 ppm Cu/g of dry sand. Essential modifications in intracellular protein composition at three compared populations, formed during incubation for 20 weeks at the pres ence of high copper concentrations and then returned to normal cultivation condition, have been not established.Item PERSPECTIVE DE MODELAREA CREŞTERII PENTRU PRONOSTICAREA FENOMENULUI DE HETEROZIS(CEP USM, 2007) Leviţchi, Alexei; Palade, Eugenia; Nichitina, CristinaThe differences between the variations of different parameters and the way of their correlation may be used in the studies regarding heredity and the development of the vigor at the first generation of sunflower hybrids. These aspects are to be used in the revealing of the heterosis manifestation in the frame of a sunflower family, as the result of the parameter analysis of parental and hybrid genotypes at the initial stages of life cycle.Item SPECIFICUL ROCILOR MIOCENE DIN REGIUNEA CENTRALĂ A BAZINULUI r. NISTRU (SEGMENTUL REZINA-CAMENCA)(CEP USM, 2007) Cibotaru, ValerianThe present article is dedicated to the well-known Basarabean paleontologist Vladimir Rosca, to the geologists Anatol Zaharov, Vladimir Sergheev and Eugenia Hiora, with whom the author had collaborated in 1982-1987 during the process of geological system mapping in the Central region of the Nistru River area. During this research the geological limitations of different lithological systems and stratigraphic discontinuity within the region have been determined. As a result of a detailed study of the fauna’s reminiscences of the Inferior and Medium Sarmatium it was determined that this stratigraphic discontinuity - material and geocronological – did not coincide and differ in space. Comparing the litological and paleontological data, it was confirmed that the N1sm1 / N1sm2 stratigraphic discontinuity is crossing over a couple of lithological varieties and is not placed on the limiting surface between them as it is often drawn up by the majority of geologists during the process of the sedimentary systems’ mapping.Item BIOMASA DE SPIRULINĂ ÎMBOGĂŢITĂ CU IOD – SURSĂ ALTERNATIVĂ DE IOD(CEP USM, 2007) Bulimaga, Valentina; Zosim, Liliana; Ciumac, Daniela; Bejan, Tatiana; Chiriac, Tatiana; Djur, SvetlanaThe productivity of cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis and iodine accumulation in biomass at it cultivation in the pre-sence of KI with/without Co(NO3)2 have been determined. The supplementation in the first day is more favorable for obtaining of iodine enriched biomass. Iodine content is higher in biomass cultivated inthe presence of ratio KI: Co(NO3)2 as 12·10-3: 3·10-3 (mMoli).Item ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ПРИ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ СТИМУЛЯЦИИ И ЭЛЕКТРОКОАГУЛЯЦИИ ЯДЕР ЗАДНЕГО ГИПОТАЛАМУСА(CEP USM, 2007) Тросиненко, АндрейÎn articol sunt prezentate rezultatele cercetărilor privind reglarea nervoasă a glandei tiroide. Datele originale ne permite să considerăm că există reglarea nervoasă a glandei tiroide. Este posibil de a conclude că nucleii dorsal şi ventral premamilari participă în reglearea nervoasă a glandei tiroide. A fost evidenţiată legătura nervoasă dintre glanda tiroidă şi hipotalamusul posterior, în acelaşi rând demonstrată schimbarea activităţii funcţionale a glandei tirode sub influenţa nucleilor hipotalumusului posterior.Item POSIBILITĂŢI DE ESTIMARE A PURITĂŢII GENETICE LA FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Leviţchi, Alexei; Rotaru, TudorThe efficiency of application of different techniques to monitor the biologic purity of initial material designed for the amelioration ensures the success of breeding programs. This means allow to estimate both, the homogeneity of inbred lines and the polymorphism of in frame of populations. Field tests are much easier and exact, but are time consuming, whereas laboratory tests provide fast results obtaining and reduce the expences for plant breeding programs. The utilization of different existant methods are determined by the budget, developed by the breeders, for the analyses and by the level of technical equipping of the laboratories. The most used method is based on the utilisation of storage protein electrophoretic spectra, being relative cheap and sufficiently exact.Item ASPECTE HIDROGEOLOGICE ALE REGIUNII CENTRALE A BAZINULUI r.NISTRU (SEGMENTUL REZINA-CAMENCA)(CEP USM, 2007) Cibotaru, Valerian; Chirică, LazărIn this article the underground waters of central region of basin of the Nistru River are described. There was discovered and described waters from pleistocen-holocens formation, neogens formation, cretacs formation, phaleozoic formation and vendians formation.Item IN VIVO AND IN VITRO LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS OF PHASEOLIN: FACTS, SUGGESTIONS AND PROBLEMS(CEP USM, 2007) Rudacova, Angela; Rudacov, Serghei; Lapteva, Natalia; Morari, Diana; Stepurina, Tatiana; Rotari, Vitalie; Kakhovskaya, Irina; Wilson, Karl; Fukuda, Takako; Utsumi, Shigeru; Shutov, AndreiDegradarea proteolitică a fazeolinei - globulinei 7S de rezervă din seminţele Phaseolus vulgarisare loc in vivo în timpul germinării şi este catalizată de acţiunea succesivă a legumainei Asp-specifice LP şi a enzimei de tip papainic PP. A fost studiată componenţa fragmentelor cu masă moleculară naltă care se formează la proteoliza limitată a fazeolinei la acţiunea LP şi la acţiunea succesivă a PL şi a PP in vivo şi, de asemenea, în cotiledoanele plantei în creştere.Item BASIC 7S GLOBULIN FROM SOYBEAN SEEDS AS A MEMBER OF A SUPERFAMILY OF PLANT XYLANASE INHIBITORS AND ASPARTIC PROTEINASES(CEP USM, 2007) Shutov, Andrei; Rudakov, Sergei; Rudakova, Angela; Kaknovskaya, Irina; Seferova, Irina; Chesnokov, Yuriu; Fukuda, Takako; Prak, KrisnaGlobulina de bază 7S prezentă în seminţele uscate de soia (Bg) şi eliberată din seminţe prin imersiunea în apă fierbinte (BgH) a fost izolată şi comparată folosind cromatografia pe SP Sefaroza şi SDS-PAGE. Au fost identificate cel puţin patru tipuri de subunităţi Bg care se deosebesc dupa mărime. A fost demonstrat că BgH practic nu se deosebeşte de Bg nici prin comportarea cromotografică, nici prin componenţă şi raportul subunităţilor. A fost urmărită calea evolutivă a Bg ca membru al superfamiliei de inhibitori xilanaseci ai plantelor şi ai proteinazelor aspartice.Item EFECTUL STIMULATOR AL COMPUŞILOR COORDINATIVI AI CROMULUI(III) ASUPRA PRODUCTIVITĂŢII SPIRULINEI(CEP USM, 2007) Rudic, Valeriu; Gulea, Aurelian; Bulimaga, Valentina; Ciumac, Daniela; Ciornea, Valeriu; Zosim, Liliana; Popa, AlexeiThe action of some coordinative compounds of Cr(III) on Spirulina strain growth and development has been studied. High stimulation action of K2[Cr(NTA)(C2O4)(H2O)]·2H2O and [K2Cr2(SO4)4]·12H2O on Spirulina productivity has been established.Item ФИЗИОЛОГО - БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ЯВЛЕНИЯ ГЕТЕРОЗИСА У ОГУРЦА Cucumis sativus L.(CEP USM, 2007) Хомченко, Татьяна; Дука, Мария; Порт, Анжела; Гусева, Людмила; Оздемир, ДоганÎn lucrare sunt generalizate datele privind studiul fenomenului de heterozis la diverse genotipuri de castraveţi (Cucumis sativus L.): formele parentale şi hibrizii primei generaţii. Rezultatele relevă legătura dintre unii parametri fiziologo-biochimici, cum sunt conţinutul proteinelor sumare, activitatea catalazei şi conţinutul acizilor nucleici (AND şi ARN) cu heterozisul. Aceşti parametri biochimici şi moleculari pot prognoza heterozisul la etapele timpurii în dezvoltarea ontogenetică a plantelor.Item ASPECTE ALE STATUTULUI OXIDOREDUCĂTOR LA DIFERITE GENOTIPURI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI ATACATE DE LUPOAIE(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Popescu, Victoria; Lupaşcu, VictorAccumulation of H2O2 and the activity of catalase in different genotypes of sunflower attacked by broomrape have been analyzed in this work. The accumulation of H2O2 in normal conditions is specified by genotype, being more active in the Xenia variety. The attack by broomrape leads to the intensification of the H2O2 synthesis in the analyzed genotypes, in particular in the Valentino variety. The activity of catalase decreases in attacked plants of the Xenia and Valentino varieties at the level of leaves as a result of the accumulation of SRO. The quantity of H2O2 correlates with the quantity of enzyme, both in normal conditions and in the plants attacked by broomrape.Item ASPECTE PRIVIND IMPACTUL POLUĂRII ASUPRA UNOR SPECII DE ARBORI DIN CINCI ZONE ALE mun. CHIŞINĂU(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Glijin, Aliona; Teleuţă, Alexandru; Casapu, OlgaTo date an unprecedented, rapid change in environmental conditionsis observed, which is likely to override the adaptive potential of plants, especially that of tree species with their long reproductive cycles. These environmental changes mainly originate from anthropogenic activities, which have caused air and soil pollution, acid precipitation, soil degradation, salinity, increasing UV-B radiation, climatechange, etc. Some of these stress factors may fluctuate signifi-cantly in intensity and duration on time scales of hours, days, seasons, or years;others may change slowly and gradually affect plant growth conditions. The aim of this review was to investigate the physiological response of three species of trees Acer platanoides L; Populus nigra and Aesculus hippocastanum L. from five sites zones with different pollution. There were analysed the following indices: dry weight and total water quantity, chlorophylls, carotenes and total proteins amount that gradually were affected. The significant variations of chlorophylls concentration demonstrate that the photosynthetic system is highly sensible to pollution factors. In conclusion, according to our assays the studied species of trees are stress tolerant to pollutants and can be used as bioindicators.Item ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF RECOMBINANT PUTRESCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE(CEP USM, 2007) Reva, Veaceslav; Draeger, BirgitPutrescine N-metiltransferazele, enzimele-cheie în căile biosintetice conducând de la putrescină până la alkaloizi de natură tropană şi pirolidină, au fost izolate şi purificate din celulele de E. coli, transformate cu ajutorul sistemului pQE vector. Preparatele enzimatice native au fost studiate cu ajutorul electroforezei în gel cu gradient de pori. Rezultatele obţinute atestă că enzimele recombinante posedă tendinţa de oligomerizare.