2. Articole

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ALIMENTAȚIA CA FACTOR AL MENȚINERII HOMEOSTAZIEI IMUNE
(CEP USM, 2024) Bulat, Olga
Immune homeostasis is a balance between immunological tolerance and inflammatory immune responses, which is a key factor in maintaining the health of the body. Many endo and exogenous factors affect immune homeostasis. One such factor is nutrition. Macro and micronutrients found in food products in turn affect all body systems, including the immune system. This article analyzes the data in order to identify the main macro and microelements involved in maintaining immune homeostasis. It was found that nutrients, from which proteins, fats, carbohydrates can be isolated as macronutrients, as well as vitamins A, groups B, C, D, E, zinc, selenium, copper from micronutrients, more or less affect congenital and acquired immunity.
Caracteristicile microbiotei în diferite segmente ale tubului digestiv: particularitățile de colonizare și semnificația pentru sănătat
(Editura USM, 2024) Bogdan, Victoria
Diverse microbial communities colonize distinct segments of the gastrointestinal tract, influencing human health and pathology. The concentration and composition of the microbiota vary in different parts of the body and digestive tract: 20% in the oral cavity, 15-16% in the oropharynx, 40% in the esophagogastroduodenal region and intestines, 18-20% on the skin, and 2-10% in the urogenital tract. Bacterial colonization is dictated by environmental conditions (aerobic/anaerobic, pH), with most intestinal bacteria being anaerobic, but some segments, such as the cecum, can have high densities of aerobic bacteria. The oxygen concentration along the intestine and in early life determines the bacterial composition, with the first colonizing bacteria being aerobic or facultative anaerobes (Enterobacteria, Enterococci, and Staphylococci). As these consume oxygen, the environment becomes suitable for anaerobic bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Clostridia, Bacteroides). The bacterial community of the digestive tract has coevolved with the human species,establishing mechanisms of beneficial coexistence (commensalism). Proper colonization of the digestive tract immediately after birth is crucial for later health, influenced by the mode of birth, breastfeeding, nutrition, and microbiome modulation by the immune system. This forms the basis for the development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system and establishes the pattern of the adult microbiome.
CAUZELE ESENȚIALE ALE STRESULUI OXIDATIV AL SPERMATOZOIZILOR ȘI FACTORII CE INDUC STRESUL OXIDATIV ȘI AFECTEAZĂ NEGATIV SPERMATOGENEZA
(CEP USM, 2024) Bulat, Olga
Recently, male infertility is increasing. According to statistical data published by the World Health Organization, about 17.5% of the adults suffer from infertility, which means, roughly every sixth person in the world. The oxidative stress, which negatively affects spermatogenesis is one of the causes of infertility. Spermatogenesis is a difficult, highly sensitive process of cell diffe rentiation; different body systems participate in its regulation. Violations of any connection affect the process of spermatogenesis and ultimately affect sperm parameters. The article presents the scientific data on the causes and factors that induce oxidative stress and negatively affect sperma togenesis. The factors favoring its development are numerous, among the most common factors are: inflammation, testicular torsion, increased temperature in the scrotum, varicocele, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, toxins, ionizing radiation, age, sperm freezing.
Concept, prevalence, development trends, and psychophysiological aspects of info-digital addiction
(Editura USM, 2024) Grințenco, Ella; Șeptițchi, Vladimir; Borshev, Yuri
The aim of this work is to analyze current sources of scientific literature on the prevalence, key development and growth trends of Info-Digital Addiction (IDA), and its psychophysiological aspects. Modern development trends, primary psychophysiological consequences, prevalence, and main research problems of IDA have been identified. An attempt has been made to introduce a new integrated concept (a generalizing term) of "Info-Digital Addiction." A significant lack of objective statistical data on IDA in the Republic of Moldova has been revealed, highlighting the need to study and monitor the trends and factors of its development among the country's population. Only a comprehensive approach and interdisciplinary cooperation will allow for a complete understanding of the problem's scale and the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for IDA.
Enhancing polyphenol delivery systems for effective chronic kidney disease management
(Editura USM, 2024) Raischi, Viorica; Covaci, Ecaterina; Filip, Lorena; Hegheș, Simona-Codruța; Neumann, Oara
Nature provided the inspiration and the ingredients for therapeutic medicine. More than 50% of all current medicinal drugs are made from herbal plants, roots, and fruits. According to the World Health Organization, 75% of the world's population uses plant-based medicine. These products contain only purified ingredients that may reduce the final product's antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, we aim to develop a method of extraction that may stabilize the antioxidant properties of the product. Polyphenols are organic compounds found in fruits and vegetables such as onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus. Polyphenols exhibit significant antibacterial and antimicrobial activity, antihypertensive and vasodilator effects, and antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic activities. Conventional extraction methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, or microwaveassisted extraction, use solvents with different polarities (ethanol, methanol, water, and chloroform) or elevated temperatures. Here, we developed a method of extraction and stabilization that involves an alcoholic solution and plantbased stabilizers.
FACTORI INTRINSECI CU IMPACT SANOGEN ASUPRA PROCESULUI DE DIGESTIE ÎN INTESTINUL SUBȚIRE
(CEP USM, 2024) Şeptiţchi, Vladimir; Leorda, Ana
The purpose of this article is to identify, based on an analysis of specialized literature and previously obtained own data, intrinsic factors of a sanogenic nature that affect the digestion process in the small intestine. Modern approaches have been formulated about the digestion of nutrients in the small intestine, its main stages, the cellular elements directly involved in its implementation and the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the sanogenic level of digestive processes. Based on an analysis of the literature and previously obtained experimental data, a series of intrinsic factors with a sanogenic character were identified, at the level of cellular elements and organs that directly ensure digestion in the small intestine and the nervous and hormonal regulation of digestion in the small intestine.
Factorii alimentari sano- și dissanogeni, comuni pentru microbiocenoza intestinală și sistemul reproducător masculin
(Editura USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Furdui, Vlada; Tolstenco, Dorina
Diet composition is the most important extrinsic factor influencing individual differences in intestinal microbiota, and nutritional factors play a key role in determining reproductive health and can positively or negatively influence human fertility. Thus, extrinsic factors with a sanogenic character are of particular importance, which on the one hand have a positive impact on MI, and this in turn on the reproductive system, and on the other hand directly influence this system. The healthy and unhealthy aspects of the food ration with a common impact on the intestinal microbiocenosis and the reproductive system have been identified, since understanding the factors that contribute to affecting MI and decreasing male fertility is crucial for minimizing their impact. The role of intermittent fasting in maintaining the health of these two systems was also elucidated, as well as the effects of alcohol depending on the dose used.
THE IMPACT OF FOOD RATIONS ON THE INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HYPERSTHENIC TYPE OF CONSTITUTION
(CEP USM, 2024) Babileva, Anastasia
The advancement of personalized nutrition systems holds significance in the future of personalized medicine. The research paper outlines the fundamental principles of sanogenic nutrition based on the hypersthenic constitution type, which serves as a criterion for individualization. When creating and computing the caloric makeup of diets for hypersthenics, special emphasis is placed on the observation that individuals with this body type have a propensity to gain weight effortlessly and encounter difficulties in shedding excess body mass. Considering the principle of food differentiation and metabolic idiosyncrasies, the hypersthenic diet should primarily comprise of nourishments that promote a decreased metabolism, rather than ones that hinder it. This entails including foods abundant in protein and limited in carbohydrates and fats. Upon analyzing the obtained findings, it can be deduced that the food ration with a protein content ranging from 20-22% is more favorable for the nitrogen metabolism process in rats of this type of constitution.
IMPACTUL SANO- ȘI DISSANOGEN AL DIETEI ASUPRA HOMEOSTAZIEI MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE ȘI RELAȚIA ACESTEIA CU METABOLISMUL AMINOACIZILOR
(CEP USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Garaeva, Svetlana; Tolstenco, Dorina
Despite extensive scientific evidence supporting the relationship between dietary factors and gut microbiota composition and function, the underlying mechanisms and their potential impact are far from clear. Thus, the paper aim is to elucidate the components of the diet with a sanogenic and dissanogenic impact on the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with amino acid metabolism. Food intake has an indisputable impact on the development of the intestinal microbiota. The individual intestinal microbiota, while remaining relatively stable in a healthy organism, can vary qualitatively and quantitatively under of internal and external factors influence. The diet protein component targeted modification can regulate the functioning of microbial populations, which determines the sanogenicity of the body’s homeostasis.
INFAMAȚIA SISTEMICĂ CRONICĂ ȘI MECANISMELE DE DECLANȘARE A PROCESELOR PARAMETABOLICE
(CEP USM, 2024) Mereuță, Ion; Baciu, Anatolie; Poleacova, Lilia; Fedaș, Vasile
The paper discusses the mechanisms of the primary occurrence of obesity through the ac tivation of the pro-inflammatory system, which ultimately lead to the occurrence of meta-inflam mation. The study of immunometabolism includes two main aspects: 1) the effects of the immune system on organs and tissues through the control of systemic metabolism; 2) the influence of the metabolic state of the bioenergetic organism through immune cells. Obesity as a heterogeneous multifactorial chronic disease is characterized by a wide pre valence, progressive increase in morbidity, high cardiometabolic risk. Central and peripheral obesity with insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with type II DM. Several mechanisms are involved in the genesis of impaired insulin sensitivity: lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress (degradation of damaged proteins in the cell), mitochondrial dysfunction, oxi dative stress and chronic inflammation in metabolically active tissues (adipose tissue, intestines, muscles, pancreas, liver).
INFLUENȚA FACTORILOR INTRINSECI ȘI EXTRINSECI ASUPRA DEZVOLTĂRII CELULELOR SOMATICE ȘI GERMINALE
(CEP USM, 2024) Balan, Ion; Gavojdian, Dinu; Roşca, Nicolae; Balacci, Serghei; Buzan, Vladimir; Furdui, Vlada; Osipciuc, Galina; Harea, Vasile
Mammalian spermatogenesis is the most complex regulated process of cell development and represents a specific physiological process for the study of the peculiarities of the mechanism of spermatogenesis and for perceiving the basic evolution of all developmental processes, since it involves specific molecular processes of somatic and sex cells. Spermatogenesis generates spermatozoa from spermatogonal stem cells through several stages and comprises spermatocytogenesis, meiosis and spermiogenesis with the continuous unfolding of molecular events of mitosis, meiosis and epigenetic dynamic changes at the morphological and molecular level. Spermatogenesis establishes some dynamic changes by overlapping the functions of different types of cells and is maintained by different physiological factors impacting testicular morphofunction. The existing overlaps complicate the conclusive elucidation of the individual roles of different somatic and germ cells in the self-renewal, proliferation and apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells and create difficulties in understanding the contribution of distinct signaling molecules during spermatogenesis. Several factors, compounds secreted by all somatic cells, including Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells and Leydig cells are involved in the regulation and development of spermatogenesis, but the mechanisms by which these factors interact in somatic and germ cells are largely unknown and a comprehensive study of these cells is needed.
INFLUENȚA STRUCTURII CALORICE A RAȚIILOR ASUPRA METABOLISMULUI INTERMEDIAR AL AMINOACIZILOR LIBERI ESENȚIALI LA TIPUL ASTENIC AL CONSTITUȚEI
(CEP USM, 2024) Babileva, Anastasia; Carauş, Vladimir
The advancement of personalized nutrition systems holds significance in the future of personalized medicine. The research paper outlines the fundamental principles of sanogenic nutrition based on the asthenic constitution type, which serves as a criterion for individualization. Individuals with an asthenic constitution type are primarily characterized by a heightened level of metabolic processes, which influences their dietary requirements. To ensure sustainable and healthy metabolism and morphophysiological functioning, the nutrition of asthenic individuals should focus on maintaining a high metabolic rate. The diet for asthenic individuals primarily consists of products that support an elevated metabolism without further stimulation (as it is already high in asthenics). These products include energy-rich foods like carbohydrates and lipids, while proteins are consumed in minimal quantities.
INFLUIENȚA EXTRACTULUI DE POLIFENOLI DIN NUCILE VERZI ASUPRA METABOLISMULUI GLUTATIONULUI DIN SERIUL SANGUIN AL COCOȘILOR
(CEP USM, 2024) Roșca, Nicolae; Balan, Ion; Buzan, Vladimir; Balacci, Sergiu; Furdui, Vlada; Mereută, Ion; Osipciuc, Galina; Crețu, Roman; Bacu, Gheorghii
In this paper, the influence of polyphenol extract from green walnuts on glutathione metabo lism in the blood serum of breeding roosters was studied. To achieve this purpose, hydroalcoholic extract from green walnuts was used, with a total antioxidant activity of 548,37 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 gr. For the study were used two batches of roosters, of five animals in each batch, experimental and control. As a result of the research on the influence of metabolism, changes were obtained in the content of SH-groups, G-TP, G-S-T, as well as amino acids, which are part of the glutathione composition and which were studied in different biological fluids and repro ductive cells. The basic mechanism of the central role of thiol-mediated redox control in cellular metabolism is the ability of thiol groups to reversibly change their redox state with subsequent changes in the conformational, catalytic or regulatory functions of the protein.
INFO-DIGITAL ADDICTION: A NEW INTEGRATED CONCEPT AND TERM FOR NON-CHEMICAL ADDICTIONS RELATED TO THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
(CEP USM, 2024) Gritenco, Ella; Borșev, Iuri; Şeptiţchi, Vladimir
The aim of this work is to draw the attention of the scientific community to the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon related to gaming or internet addiction, social media addiction, and other types of addictions often generalized under the term “digital addiction” or “technological addiction”. This article proposes the introduction and use of a new integrated term, “Info-Digital Addiction” (IDA), which takes into account the interdependence and interconnectedness of both information and digital technologies that exist inseparably from each other, as well as the complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon under consideration. The analysis is based on an extensive review of literature and current research. The introduction of a unified term is necessary for the standardization, integration, and unification of the understanding of the entire spectrum of this issue and the development of common strategies for the prevention and treatment of the vast variety of types of this non-chemical (behavioral) addiction among children and adults, which, in the future, will likely need to be distinguished and defined as a separate group of addictions. The topic of the article represents an innovative and controversial approach to the study of addiction related to the use of information and digital technologies.
INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERACTION IN THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A HUMAN LIVING ENVIRONMENT THAT HEALS RATHER THAN KILLS
(CEP USM, 2024) Baciu, Anatolie; Listopadova, Liudmila
A synthetic review for a conceptual solution of not only socio-economic, but, above all, environmental and health problems of research and development of the environment for daily, educational, and professional human activity. The determining effect of environmental factors can and must be used to ensure the harmonization of the coexistence of people in the ecosystem, based on its sustainable development and biodiversity. It is proposed to plan and design the ur ban and rural environment through interdisciplinary interaction of researchers and developers in the fields of Natural Sciences, Landscape Science, Agriculture, Physical Culture and Sports, Regenerative Medicine, Architecture, Design and Construction, Transport, Energy, Water Supply, etc.
MODIFICĂRILE CANTITATIVE ȘI CALITATIVE ALE MICROBIOTEI INTESTINALE CA PREDICTOR PRECOCE AL CANCERULUI COLORECTAL
(CEP USM, 2024) Leorda, Ana; Șeptițchi, Vladimir; Tolstenco, Dorina
As a pressing global health problem, colorectal cancer (CRC) requires effective therapeutic strategies, and the underlying mechanisms remain an essential subject of investigation in this field. The problem of identifying some predictive markers of the probability of the appearance of this type of malignant neoplasms is quite current. Disturbance of the normal community of intes tinal bacteria represents an important problem in the development of CRC, thus new predictive markers of the probability of the appearance of this type of malignant neoplasms can be identi fied in changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota (MI). The subsequent development of preparations based on previously identified indigenous medicinal plants, which on the one hand have an anti-cancer effect, and on the other hand possess prebiotic properties, stimulate the multiplication of normal intestinal microbial flora. Targeted formation and maintenance of normal intestinal microbiota will be the basis for the development of new strategies in the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Monitorizarea la distanță a frecvenței respirației utilizând tehnologia măsurării transimpedanței toracice
(Editura USM, 2024) Botnaru, Nicolai
The key element of the method for determining and monitoring the breathing frequency in Wireless mode, used in an electronic prototype, developed by the author, is to detect using the technology of measuring chest transimpedance. The ADS1292R integrated circuit was used to measure the impedance, which has a built-in chest movement detection circuit. The method involves the use of a mathematical algorithm for digital signal processing using an SoC system based on an ESP32 controller and using of IoT technologies for wireless data transmission.
Morfofuncționalitatea mitocondrială în evoluția spermatogenezei la mamifere
(Editura USM, 2024) Balan, Ion; Surai, Peter; Marin, Paula Monica; Balacci, Sergiu; Roșca, Nicolae; Buzan, Vladimir; Petcu, Igor; Mereuță, Ion; Osipciuc, Galina; Popa, Valerian; Vîhrist, Ecaterina
In spermatogenesis, mitochondria are particularly important for the development and maintenance of germ cells and the production of healthy gametes. Deficiencies in these processes lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal spermatogenesis. The classical roles of mitochondria in energy production, metabolism and apoptosis have been well defined, but they also have various other functions. Mitochondria are also involved in testosterone production, regulating proton secretion in the lumen to maintain an acidic state in the epididymis, and condensing sperm DNA. In the available literature on sperm mitochondria, it is increasingly recognized that the morphology and functional status of mitochondria has a significant impact on sperm characteristics. Although mitochondria are recognized as essential for sperm, their exact pathophysiological role and functioning are complex. Understanding and managing mitochondrial quality control could be a valuable approach for developing new strategies in the physiological evolution of spermatogenesis.
NEOLOGIZAREA LIMBII ROMÂNE. METAFORA TERMINOLOGICĂ
(CEP USM, 2023) Mincu, Eugenia; Macovei, Dorina
În limitele sistematicităţii limbii, este posibilitatea de „a da un corp concret unei impresii greu de exprimat” (Gaston Bachelard). Termenii-împrumuturi (metafore inițiale) din limbile moderne sunt considerați, din perspectivă metaforică, totalmente neutralizați. Sugestia metaforică, preluată din limba de origine (greacă sau latină) este aproape estompată. Prin urmare, acești termeni-împrumuturi sunt supuși procesului de demetaforizare. Astfel, neologismele terminologice reflectă două procese cronologic distincte: a) metaforizarea realizată în momentul de formare a unei terminologii, prin traduceri din greacă sau latină (traducere din limbile greacă și latină → termen științific → metaforă); și b) demetaforizarea termenului științific în limbajele epocii moderne (metaforă greco-latină → termen științific). Prezentul articol propune investigări ale termenilor utilizați în limbajul medical, având drept suport reflectarea proceselor metaforizare → demetaforizare.
Particularitățile hidrolizei membranare și a absorbției glucidelor în intestinul subțire la șobolanii albi în funcție de stresoreactivitatea constituțională
(Editura USM, 2024) Grosul-Raileanu, Olesea; Șeptițchi, Vladimir; Leorda, Ana
The aim of this work is to clarify the features of membrane hydrolysis of maltose and the absorption of glucose formed during hydrolysis, as well as free glucose and fructose in the small intestine of rats with different levels of constitutional stress reactivity. Significant differences in the intensity of free glucose and fructose absorption, membrane hydrolysis of maltose and absorption of glucose formed during hydrolysis were found in rats with different levels of constitutional stress reactivity. The highest rate of free glucose absorption is observed in animals with an average level of stress reactivity, and fructose - in animals with a low level of reactivity; the lowest rate of free monosaccharide absorption is observed in animals with high stress reactivity. Animals with an average level of constitutional reactivity have a higher intensity of membrane hydrolysis of maltose and glucose formed during hydrolysis compared to animals with high stress reactivity. The obtained data indicate the existence of a connection between the genetically determined stress reactivity of the body and the digestive-transport function of the small intestine.